托福语法笔记之改错——非谓语动词
寄托天下 2004-07-07 05:29 浏览1655次
一、现分与过分的区别 [b]     现分      过分      考与不考备注 [b]    ------------------------- [b]     主动      被动      90%(后置定语,状) [b]     进行      完成      10%(前置定语) [b] ┗┏┃    动作      状态      不考 [b]   ┏ a retired general [b]┗ a retirign general 错 [b]   ┏ a fallen fruit 在地下 [b]┗ a falling fruit    正在掉 [b][b]二、现在分词与过去分词的用法 [b]  1. 用于名词后作后置定语,等同于定语从句,只考虑主被动 [b]    Indians who lived in [b]~~~~~~~~~~~~=living [b]    分词=从句 [b]2. 用于句首,句末作状语,只考虑主被动 [b]    非此即彼 ┏included in/by [b]         ┗including 分,prep [b]         ┏involved in [b]         ┗involving [b]3. 常考的接doing的词 [b]    enjoy , finish, celebrate, suggest, advocate, forgive, [b]mind, avoid, escape, tolerate, delay, quit [b]spend ... (in) doing [b]have difficulty/trouble/a problem/a hard time (in) doing [b][b]三、动词不定式的省略用法 [b]  1. ┏help to do = help do 可省可不省 [b]    ┗help sb to do = help sb do [b]  2. 使役动词必省to [b]let sb do ; make sb do; have sb do ; bid sb do [b]have sth done [b]3. 关于感观动词 [b]    see, hear, notice, feel, watch [b]必须省to [b]┏see sb do 看见整个过程 [b]   ┗see sb doing  看见动作正在进行 [b]    改被动后to 要加回来 [b]  ┏be seen to do [b]   ┗be seen doing [b][b]四、动词不定式的固定用法 [b]  1. 第一“人” [b]    the first (sb) to do [b]2. 表“迫使”的动词 [b]    allow sb to do allow sth [b]permit sb to do permit sth [b]enable sb to do enable sth [b]cause sb to do cause sth [b]force sb to do force sth [b]3. 表“倾向”的adj./V [b]tend to do [b]attemp to do [b]be (more) likely to do [b]that + 句子 [b]    be inclined to do [b]be apt to do [b]be liable to do [b]4. 表“目的”的名词 [b]    The function + of sth. + is to do sth. [b]function, goal, purpose, aim, objective, reason, intention [b]5.与接不定式的V或adj. 同词根的名词也接不定式 [b]    be able to do -> ability to do [b]enable sb to do [b]decide to do -> decision to do [b]be ambitious to do -> ambition to do [b]try to do -> make great efforts to do [b]attempt(v.) to do -> attempt(n.) to do [b][b]五、动词不定式的其它形式 [b]  1. 动词不定式的将来式 [b]    主动:be to do [b]被动:be to be done [b]表示预计要发生或按计划要发生的事情 [b]    China is to be one of the most important contries in the world. [b]被动式与过去分词的区别   [b]the surfaces to be glued [b]the surfaces glued [b]2. 动词不定式的完成时 [b]    主动  to have done [b]被动  to have been done [b]  表示不定式的动作发生在谓语之前 [b]    I'm glad to have seen your son yesterday. [b]3. 某些adj. 后主动表被动 [b]    This plas is difficult to come out [b]easy [b]hard
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