新东方TOEFL2001.10月班笔记--(第一部分:听力)
寄托天下 | 2004-07-05 07:15 | 浏览2898次 |
GTOEFL复习笔记(第一部分:听力) [b][b]TOEFL听力主考思路 [b]TOEFL听力的主题:校园生活 [b]TOEFL听力不考的话题:politics religion campus violence(校园暴力) [b]campus police(校园警察) human rights 等等unhappy的话题,TOEFL听力永远 [b]考美国光明的一面。 [b][b]如何提高听力水平? [b]1. 语音问题 [b]a) 美语的发音 [b]英 [α:] → 美 [æ] glass [α:] →[æ] [b]英 [o] → 美 [Λ] hot [o] → [Λ] (美语的这个音界于[o]和[α:]之间) [b]美语r音的存在,只有在有字母r的时候才有个别单词的发音: [b]diverse E [dai’v :s]→ A [d ‘v :s],且有r的音 [b]hostile E['hostail]→ A['hΛs] [b]b)连读,不爆破发音(失爆) [b]连读:元辅音在一起,连读。 [b]run out of [b]fit it in [b]失爆:爆破音:[b] [p] [t] [d] [g] [b]两个爆破音在一起,前一个爆破音就要失爆。 [b]Blackboard → blac(k)board [b]I wen(t) downtown yesterday. [b]c)跟读磁带(跟读一盘TOEFL听力磁带) [b]d)语音语调 [b]2. 词汇问题: [b]a)表达口语化: [b]1) I’ve got to lose weight. [b]2) Have you got the time?/↑ Got the time? (几点了?) [b]3) Got time? (有空吗?言下之意:我想请你吃饭) [b]4) Care to come? (=Would you like to come?) [b]=Wanna come? (wanna=want to gonna=be going to) [b]5)I got the feeling. (=I think.) [b]6)I’m under the imparession. (=I remember.) [b]7)The book is fat. (这本书很厚) [b]8)a must-(h)ave (必备的) [b]a must-see (必看的) [b]a must-eat (必吃的) [b]a must-play (必玩的) [b]9)I missed the beauty of…… (我曾错过的……最美好的) [b]b)词意TOEFL化: [b]student government 学生会 [b]student council / student association 学生会 [b]make up 补课/补考 [b]c)词义多样化 反应顺序 考试频率 [b]fix 修理,做饭 (fix dinner) [b]serve 上菜,服务 (网球)发球 [b]order 订购,点菜,顺序(in order / out of order) [b]paper 论文,报纸,身份证件,文件(papers),纸 [b]3. 听力的思维: [b]a) 对话场景化:听信号词/关键词→定位场景→话题 [b]b) 场景规律化 [b]hit the spot=out of this world 棒极了(形容…好吃) [b]it was hardly worth the money (形容食物太贵太难吃) [b]I was broke. 没钱了 [b]save for the rainy days 存钱以备不时之需 [b]open semame (哩语)…的开门砖,…的诀窍 [b]c) 思维学生化 [b][b][b][b]TOEFL听力选项原则 (适用于PART A) [b]1. 迅速看选项,找出其中相同、相似、相关的东西,确定场景,预测内容。 [b]2. 排除不符合TOEFL思路的选项,排除不合逻辑、常识的选项,排除读起来拗 [b]口的选项。 [b]3. 注意选项中的主谓及标志词。 [b]Δ主语(题)做题法: [b]4个选项主语不一致的时候,只要找对与对话中的主语一致的,即为正确答案。 [b]Δ标志词:如shuold表示“建议”,agree表示“同意”等等。 [b]4. 注意意思相反的两个选项,正确选项必居其一。 [b]5. 注意相似的两个选项 [b]6. 注意有同义词的选项。 [b]7. 注意有反义词的选项。 [b]8. 注意有同形异义词的选项。如:A. go to the park B. park the car [b]park在对话中的含义不一样。 [b]9. 注意数字及数字所修饰的名词n. [b]10.在小对话题中听见什么不选什么。 [b][b]TOEFL段落题题目特征: [b]对话2个,passage3个,一般一段4个问题。 [b]开头一条,结尾一条,终结两条。 [b]开头:TOPIC句题:开头句型,开头语气和原词,重复率高的词:原词的数/概念 [b]的重复。 [b]场景:who what where why [b]中段:细节题 [b]结尾题 [b][b][b]TOEFL段落题解题思路: [b]1. 确定段落的主题(找相同相似相关的东西) [b]2. 反推段落的问题 [b]如果两个选项相似,正确答案必居其一 [b]段落第一条是n./名词性短语,则是TOPIC题 [b]段落中间是n/名词性短语,只要文中提到,就是正确答案。即:听到什么选什么。 [b][b][b]TOEFL对话段落题的题型: [b]1. 所听即所选 (93、5、36) [b]2. 重复原则,重复多的就是答案 (93、5、37) [b]3. 强调原则,强调多的就是答案 (93、5、38) [b]4. 建议原则,有建议的就是考点。 [b]5.对话题结构特点: [b]开头:打招呼后,信息作为开头。 [b]结尾:最后一句。 [b][b]TOEFL错题原因: [b]慢热(听时不看) Part A [b]走神(延长时间) [b]连错(学会放弃) [b]读题(先紧后松) [b][b]老题重要题型: [b]中间带but转折题: [b]1. 语气转折: 90.1.33/96.12.A14 [b]2. 表单词多种含义 89.8.24/96.10.A2 [b]对一般疑问句的回答: [b]1. 听清第二句开头的短结构 89、8、32 [b]2. 间接回答一定表示反对 96、10、A12 [b]3. 听不懂没关系(第二句长而绕),选一个否定答案就可以 96、8、30 [b]4. 第一句语调特征:最后为升调 [b]5. 第二句习语。 [b]6. 把第一个的一般疑问句否定,就是答案。 [b][b]虚拟语气题:(非直接条件句) [b]∆ 答案反着给 [b]eg:93.5.15 [b]a) 4种基本构成 [b]1) if only [b]2) I wish [b]3) If clause [b]a) 与现在相反:从句用过去式,主句用would do [b]b) 与过去相反:从句用过去完成式(had p.p) [b]主句用would have done [b]b) 注意虚拟语气的时态 (虚拟语气的时态要往前推一个时态) [b] If I had a computer, I would have the paper in time. [b]→ I need a computer. √ [b]I didn’t have a computer. X (时态错) [b]c) 注意上下文的场景,注意虚拟愈气与真实条件句的区别: [b]If he is the boss,things will be different. (真实条件句) [b]→He is a boss. √ [b] He isn’t a boss. √ [b]d) 正确答案的标志: [b]1) 虚拟语气结构内部进行替换 [b]quse: if only → ans: I wish [b]2) 用否定直接表示实际情况 (93、5、15) [b]3) 表达一种无法实现的愿望,所以总是表达愿望不能实现的事情。 [b]regret pity bad… [b]a) 标志结构:if only [b]I might have done sth if… 90.1.A12/93.5.15 [b]G)答案中陈述客观事实做答 98.8.国内13/98.10.19 [b][b]建议题型: [b]第二句的建议为考点 97、1、18/97、5、8 [b]一般参考第二句的建议 [b]1) Why don’t you …? 建议 [b]Why didn’t you…? 责备 [b]2)You’d better trust him. 你该相信他 [b]You should no better than to 你本该做… [b]3) hy not do…? [b]4) what if …? 要是这么做会…? [b]5) How does…sound [b]6) Shouldn’t …do sth? [b]7) What would you see to…? 你对…怎么看? [b]8) Have you check with sb? 有没有问过…? [b]Have you checked sp? 你有没有去查过…地方? [b]9) What about … / How about…? [b]10) Wouldn’t it be better if you do…? 你这样做不是更好吗? [b]11) It doesn’t hurt it you do…? 但做无妨 [b]12)why+v. [b]Why walk? ( You should run!) [b]Why run? (You should walk!) [b]Why+v.表否定,“何必呢…”“干嘛呢…” [b]13) what do you think of…/ how do you like…征询意见 [b][b][b]时间副词题: [b]1. 第二句出现的时间副词是考点 (具体/抽象的时间)90、10、26/98、5、27 [b]2. 时间副词的归纳及替换: [b]1) by and by [b]do sth on short notice [b]in next to no time [b]in no time at all [b]in two or three minutes [b]in a/any moment [b]minute = quickly/fast [b]second [b]before long [b]right now/away/off [b]2) before hand [b]in advance = 提前 [b]ahead of time [b]3) every now and then [b]every so often [b]every once in a while = 偶尔,有时 occasionally, sometimes [b]at certain time [b]on certain prrastion [b]from time to time [b]on and off [b]at times [b]4) one step at a time gradually [b]A by A 结构:step / bot / little / word / piece / inch / line [b]5)weekly, each, yearly = every [b]monthly [b]6)barely rarely hardly scarcely little [b]让某人做某事题: [b]1. 核心结构:have sb do sth / gey sb to do sth [b]2. 听清人名最重要 97.5.14/97.8.5 [b]Oh,so题: [b][b]89.10.35/97、5、30 [b]赞同题型: [b]标志结构:isn’t he ever… 表示赞同 [b]isn’t he although… [b][b]98.8.国内.8/89.1.30 [b]偏词汇题型(生词) [b]1. 听到什么不选什么,答案中一般不带第二句的原词为对. 96.1.NA.18 [b]2. 生词的意思,根据第二句问句猜意义 96.10.26 [b]典型语气题: [b]1. 重读,多表示抱怨、责备、不满意的语气 [b]2. 考语气词,一般出现在第二句开头 96、8、4/5 [b]3. 考语调:升调表示怀疑或不同意见,96、1、国内、23 [b] 降调表示肯定或加强语气,96、8、8/16 [b]重复反问题型 [b]第二句用反问语气说第一个人的话,再说出自己的话,考点为第二个人的第二句 [b]话,一般为进一步强调或提出意见。如果听见的重复反问词为adj.,则表示加强 [b]语气,进一步强调。如果不是adj.,则表示提出疑问。 [b]90.5.23/26 [b]Would you mind题型 89.8.32 [b]回答有两种: [b]a) 直接回答: [b]not at all [b]not at little [b]not in the least [b]not in the slightest [b]b) 间接回答 (肯定表示反对) [b]Can you see I’m in the middle of sth / doing sth? (你没见我正在用…) [b]It’s on loan to sb. (…借给别人了) [b]否定转移题型: [b]I didn’t take Tom to swim in the pool yesterday. [b]重读Tom, 表示没带Tom 去游泳。 [b]重读 yesterday, 表示带Tom 去游泳,但不是昨天。 [b]重读 pool,表示带Tom去游泳,但不是在游泳池。 [b]重读 swim,表示带Tom昨天去了游泳池,但不是去游泳。 [b]这类题,否定与重读一致。 [b]Mystory题型 (90、8、32) [b]How she managed to do it…后半句变化如下: [b]Is a mystory to me. [b]Is over my head. [b]Is beyond me/my understand, [b]Is sth I’ll never understand/figure out. [b]Make no sense to me. [b]提醒模式 [b]I don’t imagine… [b]You haven’t done sth, have you? [b]I was wondering if…? [b]I don’t think… [b][b]老题十大名段: [b]91.5.C1:打工段 [b]打工职责,打工感受 [b]规律:1)找工作步骤: [b]check the paper (job opening) [b]telephone inquiry (position available time for appointment) [b]intereview (hour salary experience) [b]job offer (accept turn down) [b]2)习语: [b]earn the bread 挣钱 [b]bring home the bacom 挣钱 [b]bread and butter 指生活所需品 [b]91.1.C1:新生培训段落(oriontation) [b]学生思维:三大抱怨:学费上涨;食堂、宿舍太差;考试、作业、课程太多太难 [b]对学校相关机构评价:喜欢/不喜欢 [b]90.5.C1:课外活动段 [b]听的习惯:边听边看选项 [b]与热门话题的结合:环保 [b]93.5.C1/94、10、1 找房场景(housing) [b]规律:住宿舍:太小,地脏,太吵,太严 [b]tiny room空间 [b]住公寓:太贵,东西老坏,室友难处 [b]We can’t afford a lot. [b]东西老坏:fix repair teilet telephone [b]室友:neat considerate [b]抱怨 [b]修理:window is stack 窗户打不开 [b]the sink will be clogged 水池堵了 [b]pipe will be clogged 管道不通 [b]wiring 电线出问题 [b]shutter→loose 百叶窗松了 [b]修不如买的说法: [b]trade it in for sth [b]stock up on sth [b]invest in [b]cash in on sth [b]pay by instalment 分期付款 [b]down payment (分期付款的)头期 [b]advance payment 预付某人 [b]deposit 押金 [b]特殊背景 [b]92.5.C3/93、1、C3 实习段落 [b]女生去实习,结合热门话题:保护濒危动物 [b]题型:实习专业,女生感受,实习职责,男生疑问 [b]职业场景要注意职业套话:开头,结尾 [b]91.1.C2 论文段: [b]题型:题目难定,资料难找,打字困难 [b]91.8.C2 缺课类 0 [b]题型:缺课原因,所缺内容,愚蠢问题(男生) [b]89.10.C1 评价教授与课程 [b]评价好与坏的常用词汇: [b]习惯用语: [b]1. By all means boring. (by all means = certainly) [b]By no means interesting. (by no means ? in no way) [b]2. Leave much to be desired (=not good) [b]3. Leave nothing to improved (=terrific) [b]4. It’s anything but interesting. (it’s angything but = not at all) [b]It’s nothing but interesting. (it’s nothing but = very) [b]5. It’s nothing short of brilliance. (nothing short of = full of) [b]6. It’s not in the least brilliance. (not in the least = not at all) [b]表示好的: [b]fascinating fabulous stimulating catching impressive thought- [b]provoking inspiring [b]表示不好的: [b]Keep watching the clock. [b]I keep counting the time/minutes. [b]doze off [b]I couldn’t catch./follow/figure out/make any sense out of it/make [b]heads or tails of it. [b]I can hardly stay awake/alert. [b]I can hardly keep awake/alert. [b]I can hardly concerntrate. [b]89.1.C1 选课段 [b]选课规律:先选入门课;再上高级课;不管怎么选,教授先同意。 [b]特色词汇:入门课:intro course basic course prorequisite course [b]高级?:upper-lever course advanced course [b]报名上的…课:sign up for register… [b]上…课:take [b]旁听:audit [b]退课:drop/refund… [b]教授同意:approval permission signature [b]选修课:optional course [b]必修课:required course [b]免选修课:waive one’s requirement [b]有学分课:credit course [b]无学分课:non-credit course [b]转学分:transfer [b]90.1.C1/89.1.C2 复合型段子(谈专业的讲课段) [b]听专业内容,原文做答 [b]开头,结尾,强调,解释,所有套话。 [b]92.1.C2 体育类段子 [b]运动的目的:锻炼而不是比赛 [b]for exersice for enjoy for relax [b]注意事项、细节 [b]90.5.C3/90、8、C3:发明史段子: [b]顺序对应(问题与文章顺序对应) [b]人名与时间 [b]新技术(产品、趋势、发展、发明、事物) [b]advantages [b]disadvantages [b]usages [b]发展史十大信号词: history development origih features [b]characteristics invention creation innoration evolution [b]以上答案中有the +~+of ,以上十词中的一个,就是正确答案,一般这种词出现 [b]在该段大TOPIC题中。 [b]环境类段子: [b]1. 环境污染的巨大危害:damage worsen degrade [b]2. 造成污染的原因:农药、杀虫剂使用的残余(residue)及颗粒 [b](particle)对人类的危害 [b]3. 解决办法 [b][b]TOEFL中十大抱怨语(某个单词的重读) [b]抱怨选课多 [b]‘enough of it [b]抱怨考试难 [b]It was ‘supporsed to be easy. [b]抱怨物价高 [b]‘Some bargain. [b]抱怨老下雨(在picnic场景中) [b]It ‘never fails. [b]邮局场景,抱怨邮政服务不满意 [b]It took ‘forever to arrive. [b]抱怨某事值不值得做 [b]It was hardly worth sth. [b]男生没钱场景 [b]I never seem to have enough money. [b]噪音场景 [b]There is not a whole lot you can do. [b]市内噪音场景 [b]The noise drive sb crazy/mad/nuts/out of one’s mind/up to wall. [b][b][b]新题十大场景系列 [b]课堂学习篇 [b][b]1. Note场景(笔记场景) [b]规律:记笔记,考笔记,借笔记,字难认 [b]搞不懂:understand make sense figure out [b]考笔记:be losed on [b]字难认:make out recognize [b]习语:take nokes write down take down put down jot down(非常潦草 [b]的写下) …base on the notes illegible [b]Could you borrow me your notes ? [b]Could I lend your notes? [b]Could I use your notes? [b]Could you let me use your notes? [b][b]2. 作业场景: [b]规律:想迟交,不可能 [b]习语:想迟交:turn in hand in [b]不让迟交:extension extra time more time [b]I want three-day extension of my paper. [b]作业project概念:paper(论文):essay(最短的),thesis(硕士论文), [b]dissertation(博士论文) [b]team paper 学期论文 team project 学期作业 book report 读书报告 [b]lab report 实验报告 presentation 发言 assignment 作业 [b][b]3. 论文场景: [b]规律:题目难定(太大):broad too broad a topic to write [b]资料难找(太多):too much material to cover [b]多找教授(时间):avilable [b]打字困难(机房)(结合computer room场景):机少人多想买电脑 [b]电脑词汇:word processor文字处理器(电脑) save it on disk存在硬盘上 [b]save a backup存备份 break down电脑坏了 wiped out(由于停电文件)被冲 [b]掉 laptop笔记本电脑 desktop台式电脑 ink jet喷墨式打印机 [b]有点眉目很高兴,教授还得先同意。 [b]习语:have trouble doing have problem doing have pert-time doing [b]have difficulty doing [b]缩小题目:narrow down the topic [b]教授同意:approval permission signature [b][b]4.考试场景: [b]规律:永远难 worse supposed to be easy , but turned out to be [b]difficult. (原本应该容易,但是很难 [b]不推迟 delay postpone put it out [b]分数低 perfect grate 满分(5分制的) [b]passing grate 及格 [b]failing 不及格 [b]不好受(心情) down feel down [b][b]5.熬夜场景: [b]规律:常熬夜(男)be uo [b]不熬夜(女)wise [b]喝咖啡(男) [b]不想戒(男) [b]思路:不赞成熬夜 [b]习语:night and day work against/around the clock stay/be/sit up on [b]night doing sth make a night of it(熬夜学习) [b][b]6.评价教授场景: [b]小对话评价:一般不好。 [b]段落题评价:一般较好。 [b]规律:不迟到,不早退,常拖课。 [b]要求严,出题难,给分低。 [b]特色表达:见老题十大名段的“评价教授“。 [b]Think much/little of sb look up to sb崇拜某人 look down upon sb看不起某人 [b]He is somrthing/big potato. 他真了不起 He is nothing/small potato.他 [b]可不怎么样。 [b]89.8.16 89.10.C1 96.12.1 [b]关于讲课:考点:主题,观点,强调,解释 (89.1.C2.41-45) [b][b]7. 课桌场景: [b]规律:乱,找不着,是否清理 [b]clear off [b]1). 与家具有关,学生常会move [b]2). 课桌上一定乱,找不到东西要整理 [b][b]8. 书店场景: [b]规律:有买/没有买 avilable [b]有货/没有货 in stock out of stock run out of缺货 [b]印/不印 in print out of print [b]过时与否 date it current [b]平装/精装 paper back hard back [b][b]9. 图书馆场景: [b]规律:还书是否及时 return 注意时间状语 [b]是否罚款 fine [b][b]10.选课场景 (注意词汇) [b]1)先学入门课,后上高级课,不管怎么选,教授得同意。 (89、1、C先1) [b]2)三大顾虑:太多too much 太难too hard 有无基础basic course [b]3)课程太难,辛勤不好 [b]5) 少选明智,多选犯傻,时刻准备退课 drop [b][b]11.读书场景 [b]规律:A:你觉得这本书…?/能不能读?/这么快读完? [b][b]12.选校场景: [b]规律:学校名气,学校性质 [b]特色表达:reputation (public/private/community) tuition(afford) [b]individual attention(class size) location large city Vs small town [b]might person party animal big fish in a small pond鸡头 small fish [b]in a big pond凤尾 [b]13.电话场景 [b]It’s through.接通了 [b]Put me through to sb帮我接通某人 [b]Listen for my phone.替我听电话 [b]Got back to you on sth.过会儿打给你 [b]Return the call./Call back. [b]Dail telephone bill电话帐单 collcet call受话方付费 he’s on/off [b]the phone他在打电话呢 [b]The line is busy/engaged.占线 [b]别挂电话:Don’t hang up. Hold on. Hold the line. Hang on. [b][b][b]课外生活篇 : [b]1. Housing场景: 90、8、A1 [b]规律:住房难,不愿搬,抱怨多,怕长钱(rent),简装修,少花钱 [b](offord),家具往哪儿摆,要开windows [b]词汇:sublet转租 housing-sitting看房 roomate-wanted征室友 [b]apartment-hunting校外租房 throw wild parties疯狂举办晚会 make a fuss [b] vaccum the room polish擦 walk the (cat…)带(猫…)散步,指带宠物 [b] [b]rent (afford) quietness [b]location(on/off campus) on campus housing校内宿舍 off campus housing [b]校外宿舍 [b]condition:shower/toilet [b][b]2. 失物招领场景: 96、5、8/97、8、12 [b]turn in hand in [b]规律:上哪找,找到否 [b][b]3. 帮忙场景: 98、10、6/96、12、3 [b]不帮的原因 [b][b]4. 外伤场景: 96、10、3/96、12、26 [b]规律:易受伤,伤哪儿,能动吗 [b]原因总是搬东西或者锻炼 [b]伤势:tuist strain hurt扭伤 [b]伤部:shoulder wrist ankle [b]
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