1) Sth. is like/as...as/similar to/the same as/compared to/as if (though) ...(明喻) [b](e.g. In the eyes of book worms, books are compared to/like a magic blanket that carries them anywhere as they like.) [b][b]2) Sth. is/refers to/is nothing but...(暗喻) [b](e.g. For/To a seeker after the treasure of knowledge, learning is rowing across an unbounded ocean, in which hardship is seen as his boat.) [b][b]3) Sth. is thought of/defined/valued/cherished/seen/esteemed as... [b](e.g. A true friend is valued not only as your shadow that comforts your body but also as your mirror that helps you find any dirt on your face.) [b][b]4) A does sth. just as B does sth. else. [b](e.g. Educative experiences of life can tell us how to get rid of failure, just as weather beaten sailors know how to steer clear of rocks.) [b][b]5) Sth. means/signifies/stands for/is a symbol(matter/sign/token)of... [b](e.g. Love is not a matter of seeking self-satisfaction; it is first a matter of giving and then discovering, as an unexpected gift, the deepest satisfaction one can know.)[b][b]1? 某事物象/与…一样/与…相似/与…一样/被比作…/似乎…? 例：在书呆子的眼里，书本如同有魔力的飞毯，想去哪儿就能够去哪儿。? [b][b]2? 例：对于寻求知识的宝藏的人来说，学习就象在无边的海洋上划船，困难被视为他自己的船。[b]? [b]3? 某事物被认为/被珍视为…? 例：一个真正的朋友不仅是证实你身体的影子，而且是帮你发现脸上脏物的镜子。? [b][b]4? A做…正如B做…一样。? 例：人生具有教育性的经历能告诉我们如何摆脱失败，正如受天气影响的水手知道如何绕过礁石航行。[b]? [b]5? 某事物意味着…的象征。? 例：爱情不是寻求自我满足，它首先是给予，然后是发现一件意外的礼物——一个人所能体会到的最大的满足。[b][b][b]