（注意，有些理由在TWE中会被认为是重复的，只做欣赏。另外，从中我们可以对自己的逻辑思维更加自信。） [b][b]A．　Smoking [b]For： [b]1．　it　is　pleasurable　and　relaxing [b]2．　it　is　one's　right [b]3．　it　is　difficult　to　stop　smoking [b]4．　it　is　an　old　custom　going　back　hundreds　of　years [b]5．　it　is　not　always　dangerous　to　one's　health　 [b]6．　it　makes　socializing　easier [b]7．　it　is　an　important　source　of　tax　revenue [b]8．　intoxication　is　a　natural　drive　(e.g.,　coffee,　drugs,　[b]alcohol) [b]Against: [b]1．　it　is　harmful　to　one's　health　(e.g.,　heart　disease,　[b]bronchial　trouble,　lung　cancer　) [b]2．　it　is　harmful　to　those　nearby [b]3．　it　is　a　dirty　and　expensive　habit [b]4．　it　is　addictive　(i.e.,　nicotine) [b]5．　it　is　quickly　being　banned　in　public　areas [b]6．　it　lives　off　deceptive　advertising [b][b]B．　School　Uniforms [b]For： [b]1．　they　build　character [b]2．　they　eliminate　class　differences [b]3．　they　allow　students　to　better　concentrate　on　their　[b]studies [b]4．　they　are　popular　with　parents　and　administrators [b]5．　they　are　inexpensive [b]6．　they　are　attractive　and　neat [b]7．　they　eliminate　the　need　to　choose　what　to　wear　every　[b]day　 [b]8．　many　countries　have　them [b]Against： [b]1．　they　lead　to　conformity [b]2．　they　are　disliked　by　students　(students　like　to　primp) [b]3．　they　create　a　military　mentality　 [b]4．　they　are　an　infringement　on　our　freedom　(different　[b]strokes　for　different　folks) [b]5．　they　are　ugly　and　childish [b]6．　they　deprive　youths　of　an　important　choice:　what　to　[b]wear [b]7．　they　are　losing　popularity　everywhere [b][b]C．　Legalized　Gambling [b]For： [b]1．　it　reduces　taxes [b]2．　it　is　a　source　of　government　revenue [b]3．　it　is　gaining　popularity　in　the　world [b]4．　it　is　an　old　practice　dating　back　thousands　of　years [b]5．　it　is　pleasurable　(e.g.,　horse　racing,　casinos) [b]6．　it　is　voluntary [b]7．　many　people　play　poker　and　mahjong [b]Against： [b]1．　it　is　banned　in　most　countries [b]2．　it　is　condemned　by　most　religions [b]3．　it　can　become　addictive　 [b]4．　it　encourages　people　to　throw　away　their　hard-earned　[b]savings　 [b]5．　it　teaches　people　not　to　work　for　money [b]6．　it　can　destroy　happy　families [b]7．　it　can　lead　to　suicide [b]8．　it　is　easily　controlled　by　the　Mafia　(e.g.,bookmakers) [b][b]D．　City　Life [b]For： [b]1．　it　is　exciting [b]2．　it　attracts　people　from　the　countryside [b]3．　it　offers　the　best　schools,　hospitals,　and　stores [b]4．　it　offers　many　amenities　(e.g.,　swimming　pools,　bowling　[b]alleys,　and　sports　stadiums　) [b]5．　it　offers　many　chances　of　employment [b]6．　its　noise　and　overcrowding　are　hardly　noticeable [b]7．　cities　have　an　efficient　public　transportation　system [b]8．　city　planners　can　create　a　good　living　environment　 [b]9．　crime　can　be　found　in　the　countryside　as　well [b]Against　： [b]1．　it　is　unhealthy　(e.g.,　water　and　air　pollution　) [b]2．　it　is　not　a　good　environment　for　children [b]3．　it　is　devoid　of　Nature　and　distinct　seasons [b]4．　it　is　noisy　and　dangerous [b]5．　it　makes　people　nervous　and　even　neurotic [b]6．　it　has　created　awful　slums [b]7．　cities　are　overcrowded　and　expensive [b]8．　many　city　dwellers　long　to　return　to　the　countryside [b]9．　city　housing　projects　are　unpopular [b][b]E．　Informing　Patients　Of　Cancer [b]For： [b]1．　patients　want　to　know [b]2．　it　is　wrong　to　hide　the　truth [b]3．　it　is　not　a　shock　for　the　patient　but　for　his　family [b]4．　it　gives　the　patient　a　chance　to　plan　his　last　days [b]5．　it　is　the　patient'　s　body,　not　the　doctor'　s [b]6．　doctors　are　for　it　(in　the　U.　S.) [b]7．　it　allows　a　person　to　choose　alternate　means　of　treatment [b]Against： [b]1．　it　is　heartless　and　cruel [b]2．　it　may　make　the　patient　give　up　 [b]3．　it　causes　depression [b]4．　it　can　lead　to　suicide [b]5．　most　relatives　are　against　it　 [b]6．　a　white　lie　can　save　undue　suffering [b]7．　doctors　are　against　it　(in　Japan) [b][b]F．　Social　Security [b]For： [b]1．　the　state　should　help　the　poor,　　aged,　unemployed,　and　[b]sick [b]2．　the　state　should　provide　good　health　care　for　its　[b]citizens [b]3．　the　strong　must　help　the　weak [b]4．　Social　Darwinism　is　outdated [b]5．　there　will　always　be　social　misfits　that　need　help [b]6．　all　religions　stress　charity [b]7．　all　advanced　countries　have　some　form　of　social　security [b]Against　： [b]1．　it　costs　too　much [b]2．　it　encourages　laziness　and　destroys　the　work　ethic [b]3．　it　does　not　work　efficiently [b]4．　people　should　look　after　themselves [b]5．　it　results　in　heavy　taxes [b]6．　Social　Darwinism　tells　us　that　life　is　the　"survival　of　[b]the　fittest" [b]7．　there　are　no　freebies　in　life [b][b]G．Coeducation [b]For　： [b]1．　it　is　natural　(i.e.,　adult　society　is　not　segregated　) [b]2．　it　gives　men　and　women　a　chance　to　better　understand　one　[b]another [b]3．　it　gives　men　and　women　a　chance　to　compete　with　one　[b]another [b]4．　it　is　the　modern　trend [b]5．　it　has　many　practical　advantages　(e.g.,　　school　plays,　[b]music　groups) [b]6．　it　produces　well-adjusted　adults [b]7．　most　parents　prefer　coeducation. [b]8．　separate　schools　foster　sexual　rivalry [b]9．　women　become　neurotic　in　all-women'　s　schools [b]Against　： [b]1．　women　do　better　academically　in　their　own　colleges [b]2．　women　are　in　college　to　get　an　education,　not　a　husband [b]3．　women　have　their　own　values　to　develop [b]4．　it　can　lead　to　intimacy　and　promiscuity [b]5．　it　is　still　rare　in　some　countries [b]6．　it　is　opposed　by　some　parents　 [b]7．　it　robs　women　of　their　self-confidence [b]8．　separate　schools　have　existed　for　centuries [b]9．　marry　great　men　and　women　attended　separate　schools [b][b]H．　Corporal　Punishment [b]For　： [b]1．　children　are　not　adults　 [b]2．　children　respect　discipline [b]3．　it　is　a　check　on　excessive　permissiveness [b]4．　it　does　no　permanent　damage　because　children　are　hardy　[b]creatures [b]5．　it　is　opposed　only　by　mixed-up　psychologists [b]6．　it　is　a　form　of　training [b]7．　it　builds　real　character [b]8．　it　reinforces　the　authority　of　teachers　and　parents　 [b]9．　it　works　to　control　juvenile　delinquency [b]10.　there　is　the　saying:　Spare　the　rod　and　spoil　the　child [b]Against　： [b]1．　it　is　barbarous [b]2．　Freud　said　it　is　wrong [b]3．　love　is　better　than　physical　punishment [b]4．　it　can　cause　psychological　problems [b]5．　it　is　not　necessary　if　children　are　raised　correctly [b]6．　it　is　an　emotional,　irrational　response [b]7．　it　can　result　in　a　lawsuit [b]8．　beatings　have　been　known　to　result　in　death [b]9．　there　is　the　saying　:　Violence　begets　violence [b][b]I．　Organ　Transplants [b]For　：　 [b]1．　they　prolong　life [b]2．　they　are　supported　by　the　　medical　profession [b]3．　they　enhance　medical　science　 [b]4．　they　are　a　challenge　to　surgeons [b]5．　critically　ill　people　want　transplants　in　order　to　live　 [b]6．　costs　will　come　down　as　the　surgery　becomes　routine [b]7．　there　is　no　"time"　to　die [b]8．　death　is　defined　as　brain　death [b]9．　the　drugs　cyclosporine　and　FK-506　have　helped　eliminate　[b]the　problem　of　rejection [b]Against　： [b]1．　they　are　too　expensive [b]2．　they　favor　the　　rich [b]3．　they　encourage　the　poor　in　Third　World　countries　to　sell　[b]their　organs [b]4．　they　are　unnatural　as　seen　by　the　body'　s　rejection [b]5．　they　are　often　unsuccessful [b]6．　the　idea　is　sinister [b]7．　Nature　has　decided　when　we　should　die [b]8．　the　process　of　deciding　who　gets　the　next　available　organ　[b]is　unfair　 [b]9．　there　is　as　yet　no　agreement　on　what　constitutes　death　[b](brain　-dead　versus　heart-dead) [b][b]J．　Civil　Disobedience [b]For　： [b]1．　it　draws　attention　to　unjust　of　unconstitutional　laws [b]2．　it　is　a　matter　of　religious　or　moral　convictions [b]3．　it　is　the　only　way　to　fight　oppression　 [b]4．　it　is　usually　nonviolent [b]5．　it　is　used　only　in　extreme　circumstances [b]6．　it　goes　back　to　the　time　of　Jesus　Christ [b]7．　it　is　common,　like　cheating　on　taxes　and　illegal　parking [b]8．　God'　s　laws　take　precedence　over　man'　s　laws [b]9．　protestors　are　ready　to　accept　punishment　for　their　beliefs [b]10．　many　famous　people　have　engaged　in　civil　disobedience　(e.g.,　[b]Mahatma　Gandhi　and　Andrei　Sakharov) [b]11．　there　are　many　famous　examples　such　as　the　Boston　Tea　Party　[b]and　conscientious　objectors　during　the　Vietnam　War [b]Against　： [b]1．　no　one　is　above　the　law [b]2．　it　can　quickly　destroy　law　and　order [b]3．　it　leads　to　anarchy [b]4．　it　leads　to　contempt　for　all　laws [b]5．　protestors　are　cowards　trying　to　escape　punishment [b]6．　protestors　often　resort　to　violence [b]7．　the　democratic　process　should　be　used　to　effect　change [b][b]K．　Abortion [b]For　： [b]1．　it　is　a　woman'　s　fundamental　right,　say　abortion-rights　[b]advocates [b]2．　it　is　necessary　for　unwed　mothers [b]3．　it　is　necessary　for　rape　victims [b]4．　it　is　necessary　in　some　cases　to　save　a　mother'　s　life [b]5．　procreation　is　a　couple'　s　choice [b]6．　it　is　a　form　of　birth　control [b]7．　poor,　illiterate　women　want　it　 [b]8．　most　women　support　it　 [b]9．　it　is　necessary　to　prevent　overpopulation [b]10．　it　prevents　unwanted　babies　from　coming　into　the　world [b]11．　it　is　not　murder　because　a　fetus　is　not　yet　a　human　[b]being [b]Against： [b]1．　it　is　murder　(infanticide),　say　anti-choice　groups [b]2．　life　begins　at　conception [b]3．　it　is　an　unnatural　practice [b]4．　it　is　immoral　because　only　God　can　take　a　life　 [b]5．　a　fetus　is　a　human　being-unborn　but　viable [b]6．　the　rights　of　a　fetus　must　be　protected [b]7．　it　is　painful　for　the　fetus-a　barbaric　practice [b]8．　it　is　not　the　same　as　other　modern　birth-control　devices [b]9．　it　causes　many　women　to　have　guilt　feelings [b]10．unwanted　babies　can　be　put　up　for　adoption[b][b]