GMAT考试语法改错题方法总结
寄托天下 2004-07-08 06:42 浏览6666次
  CORRECTIVENESS [b][b]  I.Logical Fallacies (logical perfection is superior to grammatical [b]imperfection, the first and foremost issue of GMAT grammar is logic) [b][b]  (i)"Shanghai is bigger than any cities in China."is mistaken because [b]Shanghai cannot be larger than any cities that inclusive of itself. So it [b]should be"Shanghai is bigger than any other cities in China." [b][b]  (ii)Blind eyesight; visible wavelength are logically flawed [b]arrangement; it should be"blind people","visible radiation"instead. [b][b]  (iii)Price cannot cause inflation but Price Increase can. [b][b]  (iv)前后转折关系(by transitional words as‘but'etc.)是否成立要看前后的分类 [b]标 [b][b]  (v)准是否统一:big measurement→small measurement [b][b]  III.主谓搭配和代词指代(七大类型) [b][b]  (vi)出现句首名(vii)词+长串修饰考主谓搭配的可能性很大; [b][b]  (viii)在英文中永远只有主谓搭配,同(ix)位语对谓语动词单复(x)数没有影响 [b][b]  Five hundred students each have a computer. [b][b]  Each of five hundred students have a computer. [b][b]  Leaf and *** material, the most *** parts, Vt.s [b][b]  Five hundred students, groups each have a computer. [b][b]  (xi)倒装句(搞清主语在哪) [b][b]  a.介词在句首,b.状语+句子谓语动词+主语(完全倒装) [b][b]  c.极端形容词或So放在句首 [b][b]  (xii)Never, Whether, What, Should在一个完整句子做整个句子的主语,(xiii)谓语动作用单数 [b][b]  (xiv)代词指(xv)代,同(xvi)样一句话中相同(xvii)的代词指(xviii)代相同(xix)的事物:they, them, their在一句话中必须指(xx)代同(xxi)一主体 [b][b]  推论:It在句首做形式主语,后面it不能指代同一主体。如果出现这样的选项,一定错! [b][b]  (xxii)Exoneration and his freedom例题:泛指(xxiii)和特指(xxiv)不(xxv)能对称;代词是个特指(xxvi)概念,(xxvii)不(xxviii)能随意丢失,(xxix)否则句子意思发生变化。 [b][b]  8GMAT中所有代词都不用来指代整个句子,只能是特定的名词或主体。但是当it在句首做形式主语时,可以指代:- [b][b]  1.后面的不定式 [b][b]  2.后面的that从句, [b][b]  3.如:It is you who is my friend that… [b][b]  IV.固定搭配的错误 [b][b]  (xxx)require somebody to do something that +虚拟语气省略should of [b]somebody that +虚拟语气省略should (xxxi)as的固定搭配begin as, depict as, [b]regard as, perceive as, represent as, see as, be prizeless as, be acclaimed [b]as, think of as, be seem as (xxxii)to be: consider something (省略to be) [b]something [正确答案的出现方式] (xxxiii)help [b][b]  a)help somebody to do something [b][b]  b)help (to do) something [b][b]  c)helpful in doing [b][b]  (xxxiv)at point; at pole; at equator; aim at doing something [b][b]  (xxxv)forbid somebody to do something; forbid something [b][b]  (xxxvi)prohibit somebody from doing something; prohibit something [b][b]  (xxxvii)compare A to B (把A比作B) [b][b]  (xxxviii)compare A with B (相同(xxxix)事物比较) [b][b]  (xl)in that标(xli)准书面英语,(xlii)汉译为"原因体现在" [b][b]  (xliii)more ancient标(xliv)准书面英语 [b][b]  V.连接词连接两个部分的对称性问题 [b][b]  and在画线部分中或画线部分的前面,and是一个解题点。 [b][b]  (xlv)形式上对称:名(xlvi)词对名(xlvii)词;分词对分词(现在分词不(xlviii)一定要对现在分词,(xlix)要检验动作的发出者和承受者) [b][b]  (l)强调含义上的对称:duty assignment对应the staffing of people [b][b]  (li)平行对称结构:多个小分句之间要平行对称,(lii)在最后一个分句前补出and难点:A)在肯定句时,补and;在否定时,补nor英语否定句的定义:句子出现no, not时"Never……"是肯定句,表示否定的含义 [b][b]  B)非平行结构的误导题(如补充材料5:三个句子不能构成平行对称结构) [b][b]  (liii)当前后两个问题对称时, [b][b]  (liv)后半句的be动词可能被省略, [b][b]  (lv)如to do and do something, to可以省略 [b][b]  如果发现一个选项有意省略‘to'或被动词时,则很有可能是正确答案对称结构的常考连词:but……or [b][b]  either…or…not only…but also…(also有时省略) [b][b]  neither…nor…not…but…(优选结构) [b][b]  from…to……as well as… [b][b]  as…as……rather than…(如果前面有不定式的话,后面不定式往往被省略) [b][b]  VII.虽然违反了Effectiveness有效性原则,但ETS把它当成Correctness来处理(lvi)违反了"忠实原文的意思" [b][b]  a)极端性修饰词的位置改变了: first, last, typical, typically, only you, you only; [b][b]  b)强烈语气表达要保持,如: [b][b]  I don't know any…… [b][b]  Not unlike = like it very much [b][b]  Whatever = no matter what… [b][b]  Whenever = no matter when [b][b]  c)句子的强调重心发生改变一定错! [b][b]  d)把倒装句变成正常语序一定错! [b][b]  (lvii)简洁原则:语义重复(lviii)一定错!注意(rise, raise, grow, roaring, increase的使用而(lix)使语义重复(lx)的情况) [b][b]  from…to…当中不能加up or down [b][b]  opposition = againstorbit = aroundannually = a year [b][b]  by the name of = be known aswith = include [b][b]  EFFECTIVENESS [b][b]  II.忠实原文的意思,除非从逻辑上发现原文意思一定要修改 [b][b]  (i)弱语气词的添加、丢失或位置发生改变(如just, even),(ii)但不(iii)一定错 [b][b]  (iv)句子的强调重心发生了微弱改变,(v)但选项不(vi)一定错(如in 1980) [b][b]  (vii)时态发生变化(GMAT中一般时态不(viii)能随意改变,(ix)除非有个明确的点提示原文时态应当发生改变) [b][b]  III.简洁原则 [b][b]  -实意名-词>动词>形容词>抽象名-词>分词动名-词>从句-存在该种错误,-并不-一定错,-看是不-是两个选项中唯一的区别,-如support > be supportive of -半抽象名-词,-即动词和名-词形式一样的名-词,-如result, help, cost, increase, bare优选动词词性的选项-分词优于定语从句,-因为过去分词是定语从句的省略形式, that is indicated = indicated [b][b]  CORRECTNESS [b][b]  I.宾语从句和定语从句 [b][b]  -that, which只能指-物 [b][b]  -who, whom只能指-人 [b][b]  -whose指-人或物 [b][b]  -宾语从句一定要有that; -定语从句用that和which有区别: [b][b]  that限制性,紧跟被修饰名词后;which引导非限制性定语从句,前面必须是","或介词 [b][b]  II.even though, although > despite, in spite of [b][b]  not…but…> …rather than…, instead of [b][b]  B +介词+ A结构> AB结构,如Inability of French > French inability [b][b]  形容词名词结构> 名词that is [b][b]  同位语从句> 定语从句 [b][b]  III.GMAT中一定错的表达方式 [b][b]  -口语化表达:when you; if you; maybe if引导的条件关系从句 [b][b]  2>when引导的时间关系从句 [b][b]  3>because…因果关系 [b][b]  As的用法(P35 163) [b][b]  Just as A do something, so B do… [b][b]  Just as A do something, so too… [b][b]  GMAT考三类 [b][b]  1>as, like的混合考:as作连词, [b][b]  2>像…一样, [b][b]  3>后面跟一个句子 [b][b]  4>as作介词, [b][b]  5>as an adolescent; While being = as [b][b]  6>as后面加从句, [b][b]  7>as是连词, [b][b]  8>当…的时候 [b][b]  As when she was a child… [b][b]  也可以说as a child (as是介词) [b]
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