浅谈SAT词汇学习——词群记忆
新航道 2013-09-03 12:08 浏览5027次
[align=right]文/上海新航道学校马思涵[/align]  在SAT填空题的考试中,题目选项里(尤其难度较大的双空题)经常会给出一些近义词和反义词。这时,如果对这类近义词比较熟悉,就能快速地缩小选项范围,从而更快地做出题目。因此,在教学和复习中,老师、同学们可以刻意积累这类词群,达到事半功倍的效果。同时,还可以通过词根的拓展,记忆同词根的高频词汇相比死记硬背也高效许多。借此文,我们来探讨一组表达“缓和、平息”的词汇:abate, allay, alleviate, appease, assuage, mitigate, mollify, pacify, palliate, placate, propitiate, reconcile, solace.   e.g.   They are trying to[b] allay[/b] public fears about the spread of the disease.   Governments should endeavor to [b]mitigate[/b] distress.   Even a written apology failed to [b]placate[/b] the indignant hostess.   我们先来看两道相对简单的单空题: [align=center][table=50%] [tr][td][align=left]0701S705. Although easily angered by our mischievous behavior, our mother could be immediately _______ by our expressions of remorse.[/align][align=left]A. substantiated B. impugned C. protected D. united E. mollified [/align][/td][td][align=left]1110S805. The governor concluded that, because the city's fiscal problems were ________ by entrenched mismanagement, providing rescue funding would be foolhardy. A. supplanted B. mitigated C. ascertained D. exacerbated E. assailed [/align][/td][/tr] [/table][/align]  在0701S705中,题干中的关键词是:“mischievous”和“remorse”,而逻辑关系上,从一开头的although就可判断出是转折的关系,所以在孩子们的行为由mischievous(naughty)向remorse(penitent, rueful, repentant)转变时,母亲的怒气“平息”下来。   1110S805中,由because表明因果关系,题干中的“entrenched” “foolhardy”都表明这个问题已是根深蒂固,因此城市的财政问题并不是得到了“缓解”而是相反:被“恶化”了。表示“恶化”的词除了exacerbate,还有aggravate, deteriorate.应注意的是,exacerbate和aggravate是及物动词,deteriorate是不及物动词,所以如果同学们在自己的作文中加以应用时,需要注意它们的区别:   e.g.   The lack of rain [b]aggravated/exacerbated[/b] the already serious lack of food.   Relations between the countries had [b]deteriorated[/b] sharply.   答案:E, D   看完这两题,下面的双空题就简单多了:   1001S805. Some environmentalists fear that the practices contributing to global warming are so ______ in industrialized nations that there are no simple ways to ______ their effects.   (A) established…mitigate   (B) latent…exacerbate   (C) negligible…alleviate   (D) ephemeral…palliate   (E) pervasive…enhance   题干中的结果状语从句“so…that”指明了因果的逻辑关系,“fear”一词暗示了消极的结果。而从句中的“there are no simple ways to…”形成了一个否定,所以是表达“难以缓和”。五个选项中,A, C, D的第二个词都表示“缓和、缓解”,而其余两个是它们的反义词。因此可以立即排除B和E了。   此题中的negligible表示可忽略的,其词根neg==deny有许多我们常用的词汇,如neglect, negative.而SAT中还考到过negligent “疏忽的,粗心大意的”。这些词都可以一并学习、积累起来。   1010S306. The estranged friends attempted _______, but their deep-seated _________ made the resumption of cordial relations impossible.   A. a mollification…credulity   B. a reallocation…reciprocity   C. a reconciliation…enmity   D. a disputation…antipathy   E. an appeasement…veracity   此题由“but”表达转折关系,“estranged”的两位朋友尝试“和解”,转折后,第二个空必然是消极词汇,使得resumption难以实现。选项中给出了mollify, reconcile, appease的名词形式,相信聪明的同学们在这些词汇“穿了马甲”之后还能慧眼认出它们。在排除了B和D之后,第二个词是消极的便只有C了。   值得一提的是,veracity的形容词形式是veracious.-acious是常用的形容词词尾,它们的名词形式是变为-acity.常考的还有:pugnacious, mendacious, tenacious, voracious, fallacious (名词为fallacy), edacious, loquacious等等。   1101S306. Ellen respects Gary's qualities of broad-mindedness and humanism: she cannot, however, _________ them with his _______ support of a political creed that seems to oppose precisely those qualities.   A. repudiate…jingoistic   B. undermine…wavering   C. assuage…logical   D. reconcile…dogmatic   E. acknowledge…polemical   这题中的repudiate是一个较难的高频词。pud== feel shame,所以repudiate表示“拒绝接受,否定”,同词根的词还有impudent “无礼的,粗鲁的”。   答案:A, C, D   在这组表达“安抚、缓和”的词汇中,有的通过词根记忆,还可以掌握许多其他高频词,这样记忆也不容易和其他形似词汇混淆。例如placate一词中,由词根plac来的许多词都是SAT中的高频词: [align=center][table=50%] [tr][td]plac=pleasure[/td][td]placid 温和的 placatory 安抚的 implacable 难以平息的,无法和解的 complacent 自满的 complaisant 殷勤的 [/td][/tr] [/table][/align]  在教学过程中,老师如果能够多加积累,并深入探究这些词汇的渊源,能够帮助同学们极大地提高学习效率。而同学们也可以自己多加留意,在做题过程中进行一些总结。No sweet without sweat,相信付出了努力的同学们一定会丰收甜蜜的硕果。   [b]名师简介:[/b]马思涵重点大学英语专业毕业,专业英语八级优秀。自毕业起即从事英语教学工作,曾在多所著名英语培训机构任教,积累了丰富的教学经验。善于激发学生对英语学习的热情,一直相信兴趣是最好的老师。Love is passion, love is obsession; when we are totally passionate and obsessive about English learning and are rapturous for any progress we make, we are already on the journey leading to transcendence.
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