berrain(整理) 362. It is　one of nature’s great ironies that the　availability [b]of nitrogen in the soil frequently sets an upper limit on plant growth [b]even though the plants’ leaves　are bathed in a sea of nitrogen gas. [b]（3+）下述情形真可谓是自然界的一个莫大讽刺：土壤中所能获得的氮肥量往往对 [b]植363. 物的生长构成了一个上限，364. 虽然植365. 物的叶子 [b]被沐浴在一片氮气的海洋中。 [b]366. Unless they succeed，367. the　yield gains of the Green [b]Revolution will be largely lost even if the genes in　legumes that equip [b]those plants to enter　into a symbiosis with nitrogen fixers　are [b]identified and isolated，368. and even if　the transfer of those [b]gene complexes，369. once they are found，370. becomes [b]possible. （4） [b]除非他们能取得成功，371. 不372. 然的话，373. 绿色革命的产量收益 [b]将在很大程度上损失殆尽，374. 即使豆科植375. 物中使这些植376. [b]物有条件进入到与固氮细菌共生关系的基因可被辨识出来和分离开来的 [b]话，377. 且即使这些基因综合体（gene complex），378. 一旦被发现之后， [b]379. 其移植380. 得以成为可能的话。 [b]381. Its subject（to use Maynard Mack’s categories）is　"life-as- [b]spectacle，382. " for readers，383. 　　diverted by its [b]various incidents，384. observe its hero Odysseus primarily from [b]without；the tragic Iliad，385. however，386. presents "life-as- [b]experience"：readers　are asked to identify with the mind of　　 [b]Achilles，387. whose motivations render him a not particularly [b]likable hero. （5） [b]其主题〔若借鉴梅纳德。迈克（Maynard Mack）的两个分类范畴的话〕是“人生作 [b]为外部景象”，388. 因为读者的注意力被作品那形形色色的事件所分散，389. [b]主要是从外部来观察其主人公奥德修斯（Odyssus）的；然而，390. [b]富于悲剧色彩的《伊利亚特》所表现的则是“人生作为内心体验”：读 [b]者被要求与阿基琉斯（Achilles）的心灵产生共鸣，而391. 其行为动机却致使他 [b]变作一个并非特别惹人喜爱的主人公。 （从分号后的语句推理出前面的意思） [b]注：hero:主人公；without:外部；likable:有吸引力的 [b]392. Most striking among the many asymmetries evident in an adult [b]flatfish is eye placement： before maturity one eye migrates，393. [b]so that in an adult flatfish both eyes are on the same side of [b]the head. （3+） [b]在一条成年比目鱼身上显著存在的诸多不394. 对称（asymmetry）特征中， [b]395. 最为吸人注目的是眼睛的摆位：在成年之前，396. 一只眼睛发生移动， [b]397. 因此在成年比目鱼身上，398. 两只眼睛均位于头部的同399. 一侧面。 [b]400. A critique of Handlin’s interpretation of why legal slavery [b]did not appear until the 1660’s suggests that assumptions about the [b]relation between slavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined , and [b]that explanations for the different treatment of Black slaves in North [b]and South America should be expanded .（4） [b]一个对于H的关于为何法律上的奴隶制没有在17世纪60年代以前出现的原因所作解释 [b]的批评显示，关于奴隶制和种族偏见之间的关系的假说应当重新检查，而且显示 [b]出，对于在北美和南美之间的对黑怒的不同处理的解释应当被扩展。 [b]401. The best evidence for the layered-mantle thesis is the well- [b]established fact that volcanic rocks found on oceanic islands，402. [b]islands believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the [b]lower mantle，403. are composed of material fundamentally different from [b]that of the mid-ocean ridge system，404. whose source，405. [b]most　geologists contend，406. is the upper mantle. （5 - [b]） [b]对于地幔分层论点来说，407. 最好的证据乃这样一个确认的事实，408. 即在那些 [b]海洋岛屿--这些岛屿据信是源于由下层地幔升上来的地幔柱状溶岩流（mantle [b]plume）--上发现的火山岩石，409. 是由与海洋中部山脊系统的物质根本不同 [b]410. 的物质构成的，而411. 这一海洋中部山脊系统的成因，412. [b]大多数地质学家论辩道，413. 为上部地幔。 [b]414. Some geologists，415. however，416. on the basis of [b]observations concerning mantle　xenoliths，417. argue that the [b]mantle is　not layered，418. but that heterogeneity is created [b]by fluids rich in "incompatible elements" （elements tending toward　 [b]liquid rather than solid state）percolating upward and transforming　 [b]portions of the upper mantle　irregularly，419. according to the [b]vagaries of the fluids’ pathways. （4+） [b]但是，420. 某些地质学家，421. 以对地幔捕虏岩体（xenolith）所作的观 [b]察为依据，422. 指423. 出地幔并非是分层排列的，424. 相反， [b]425. 地幔的异质性是由那些富含“不426. 相容成分”的流质构成的， [b]427. 这些成分趋向于流体而428. 非固体的状态，429. 自下而430. [b]上渗透扩散，431. 并依照这些流质流向的任意性，432. 不433. [b]规则地将上部地幔的某些部分予以改变。 [b]434. Fallois proposed that Proust had tried to begin a novel in [b]1908, abandoned it for what was to be a long demonstration of Saint- [b]Beuve’s blindness to the real nature of great writing , found the essay [b]giving rise to personal memories and fictional developments ,and allowed [b]these to take over it a steadily developing novel. （5 -） [b]F认为，P在1908年试图开始写一部小说，又为了写一部批判S-B的 伟大作品的真正 [b]本质的视而不见的长篇的证明而放弃了这部小说，其后又发现这一论文又勾起了其 [b]个人记忆及小说情节的萌生，使得后者取而代之形成了一部稳定展开的小说。 [b]435. The very richness and complexity of the　meaningful [b]relationships that kept　presenting and rearranging themselves　on all [b]levels，436. from abstract intelligence to profound dreamy [b]feelings，437. made it difficult for Proust to set them out [b]coherently. （5） [b]各种有意义的联系在所有的层次上，438. 自抽象的理性至深刻的梦幻般的情感， [b]439. 层出不440. 穷并不441. 断重新组合排列；正是这些有 [b]意义的联系的丰富性和复442. 杂性，443. 致使普鲁斯特难于将它们错落 [b]有致地安排好。 [b]444. But those of who hoped, with Kolb, that Kolb’s newly [b]published complete edition of Proust’s correspondence for 1909 would [b]document the process in greater detail are disappointed. (4) [b]但是我们当中的那些希望（也算上K本人）K新出版的P1909年书信的全集能够更加详 [b]细的记录下这一过程的人都大失所望。 [b]445. Now we must also examine the culture as we Mexican Americans [b]have experienced it , passing from a sovereign people to compatriots [b]with newly arriving settlers to , finally ，446. a conquered [b]people - a charter minority on our own land. （5 -） [b]现在我们必须也按照我们墨西哥裔的美国人的经历来审视这个文化，我们的经历是 [b]从一个主权的民族变成了新来的定居者的同胞，在最终沦落成为一个被征服的民 [b]族——在我们自己的土地上的契约的少数民族。 [b]447. It is possible to make specific complementary DNA’s （cDNA’ [b]s）that can serve as molecular probes to seek out the messenger RNA’s [b]（mRNA’s）of the peptide hormones. If brain cells are making the [b]hormones，448. the cells will contain these Mrna’S. If the products [b]the brain cells make resemble the hormones but are not identical to [b]them，449. then the cDNA’s should still bind to　　these mRNA’ [b]s，450. but should not bind as tightly as they would to mRNA’s for [b]the true hormones. （4） [b]科学家可以制造出特异的（specific）互补DNA’s（cDNA’s），451. 以此作为 [b]分子探子（molecular probe），452. 探觅出肽激素的信使RNA’s（mRNA’ [b]s）。如果大脑正在制造着肽激素，453. 则细胞就会含有这些信使RNA’s.假若细 [b]胞所制造的产品类似于肽激素但并非与这些肽激素全然相同，454. 那么， [b]455. 互补cDNA’s应仍然和这些信使mDNA’s粘结的程度。含有这些mRNA’s的 [b]脑细胞然后就可以被分离开来，456. 研究者可对其信使RNA’s进行解码，457. [b]以确定它们的蛋白质产品究竟是什么，458. 并确定这些蛋白质产 [b]品在何种程度上类似于真正的肽激素。 [b]459. The molecular approach to detecting peptide hormones using [b]cDNA probes should also be much faster than the immunological method [b]because it can　take years of tedious purifications　　to isolate [b]peptide hormones and then develop antiserums to them. （4） [b]采用cDNA探子来测定肽激素的这一分子生物学方法同460. 时也应该比免疫学的 [b]方法速度来得快，461. 因为对于免疫的方法来说，462. 需耗费好 [b]几年枯燥的提纯进程，463. 方能将肽素分离了出来，464. 然后再培养出针对它 [b]们的抗血清。 [b]465. Nevertheless, researchers of the Pleistocene epoch have [b]developed all sorts of more or less fanciful model schemes of how they [b]would have arranged the Ice Age had they been in charge of events.（3+） [b]然而，研究P时代的研究者发展除了各种各样的或多或少有些奇怪思想的模型系统， [b]用来显示如果由他们来决定地质事件的话他们将会如何安排冰川纪。 [b]466. This succession was based primarily on a series of deposits　 [b]and events not directly related to　　glacial and interglacial periods， [b]467. rather　than on the more usual modern method of studying [b]biological remains found in interglacial beds themselves interstratified [b]within glacial deposits. （4） [b]这一序列演替（succession）所依据的，468. 主要是一系列与冰川期和间冰 [b]期并不469. 直接相关的地质沉积物和地质事件，而470. 不471. [b]是依据更为普遍的现代方法，472. 去研究间冰层（interglacial [b]bed）中所发现的生物残留物，而473. 这些间冰层本身又在冰川沉积物发生间层 [b]化（interstatified）。 [b]474. There have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms of [b]inappropriate social　　relationships either between those who are [b]involved and those who are　not simultaneously involved in the [b]satisfaction of a bodily need，475. or　between those already satiated [b]and　those who appear to be shamelessly gorging.（5） [b]人们试图对这些禁忌作出解释，476. 所依据的要么是那些正置身于某一身体需 [b]要满足的人与那些并置身于某一身体需要之满足的人之间的，477. 要么是那 [b]些早已酒足饭饱的人与那些正在不478. 知羞耻地狼吞虎咽失之间的不479. [b]相称的社会关系。 [b]480. Many critics of Family Bronte’s novel Wuthering Heights see [b]its second　part as a counterpoint that comments on，481. if it [b]does not reverse，482. the first part，483. where [b]a "romantic" reading receives more confirmation. （5） [b]研究艾米丽。勃朗特（Emily Bronte）小说《呼啸山庄》（Wuthering Heights）的 [b]许多文学评论家，484. 将小说的第二部分视作一种对比物，485. 即使没有 [b]将第一部分予以逆转的话，486. 也是在对第一部分作出一种诠释评判，而 [b]487. 在小说第一部分中，488. 一种“浪漫的”的读解能获得更为充分的 [b]确证。 [b]489. Granted that the presence　of these elements need not argue an [b]　authorial awareness of novelistic　construction comparable to that of [b]Henry James，490. their presence does（15） encourage attempts to [b]unify the novel’s　heterogeneous parts. （4+） [b]诚然，491. 这些因素的存在并不492. 能证明作者对小说架构的意识 [b]可与亨利。詹姆斯（Henry James）的那种意识相比拟；然则，493. 任何力图 [b]将小说所有形形色色的因素统一起来的做法，494. 在某种程度上注定是无法令人 [b]信服495. 的。 Granted that:大家都统一、当然，496. 表让步，497. [b]=admitted , of course. [b]498. This is not because such an interpretation necessarily [b]stiffens into a thesis（although rigidity in any interpretation of this [b]or of any novel is always a　danger），499. but because Wuthering [b]Heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniable power that，500. [b]ultimately，501. resist inclusion in an all-encompassing　 [b]interpretation. (5) [b]这倒不502. 是因为这样的一种解释必定会僵化成为一个命题（尽管对这部 [b]或任何一部小说的解释中，503. 僵化死板总是一种危险），而504. [b]是因为《呼啸山庄》拥有一些极难驾御的因素，505. 以其无可 [b]辩驳的力度，506. 最终拒绝被囿于一个囊括无遗的解释中。 [b]507. The isotopic composition of lead often varies from one source [b]of common copper ore to another，508. with variations exceeding [b]the measurement error；and preliminary studies indicate　　virtually [b]uniform is topic composition of the lead from a single copper-ore [b]source. (4) [b]铅的同509. 位素构成经常在一种普通铜矿石来源与另一种铜矿石来源之间 [b]存在差异，510. 其差异程度超出测量误差；而511. 最初的研究表明， [b]512. 对于来自单独一个铜矿石来源的铅来说，513. 其同514. 位素构成 [b]几乎是毫无二致的。 [b]515. More probable is bird transport，516. either [b]externally，517. by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers， [b]518. or internally，519. by the swallowing of fruit and [b]subsequent　excretion of the seeds. （3+） [b]更有可能的是鸟类运输：或者是通过外部途径，520. 即由于种籽偶然粘附 [b]在羽毛上；或者是通过内部方式，521. 即由于鸟类吞食果子并随后将种籽排泄出 [b]来。 [b]522. A long-held view of the history of English colonies that [b]became the United States has been that England’s policy toward these [b]colonies before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests and that a [b]change to a more imperial policy , dominated by expansionist militarist [b]objectives , generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American [b]Revolution . （4+） [b]一个对于后来成了美国的英国殖民地的历史的长久以来的观点，认为英国在1763年 [b]以前对于这些殖民地的政策被经济利益所支配，而且认为一种向着更大程度帝国制 [b]度的政策上的转变——为扩张主义的军事目标所左右——产生了最终导致美国革命 [b]的紧张气氛。 [b]523. It is not known how rare this resemblance is，524. or [b]whether it is most often seen in　inclusions of silicates such as [b]garnet，525. whose crystallography is generally somewhat similar [b]to that of diamond；　　but when present，526. the resemblance [b]is regarded as compelling evidence that the diamonds and inclusions are [b]truly cogenetic. （4） [b]现在尚不527. 知这种类似稀少到何种地步，528. 也不529. 知道是否 [b]它最常见于象石榴石一类的硅酸盐内含物中，而530. 这类物质的晶体结构 [b]普遍地在某种程度上类似于金刚石的晶体结构。但一旦存在，531. 这种类似 [b]就被视作极有说服532. 力的证据，533. 证明金刚石与内含物确是同 [b]534. 源的。 [b]535. Even the "radical" critiques　of this mainstream research [b]model，536. such as the critique developed in Divided Society， [b]537. attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically to [b]factors of economic and social　mobility and are thus unable to [b]illuminate the cultural subordination　of Puerto Ricans as a colonial [b]minority. （4+） [b]即使是对这一主流研究模型的“激进”批评，538. 诸如《分裂的社会》 [b]（Divided Society）一书中所提出的那种批判，539. 亦将少数民族同540. [b]化问题过分机构地与经济和社会移动性的因素联系起来，541. 因此无从 [b]阐明波多黎各人作为一个殖民地少数民族的文化从属关系。 [b]542. They are called virtual particles in order to distinguish them [b]from real particles，543. whose lifetimes are not constrained　in the [b]same way，544. and which can be detected. （3） [b]它们被称为“虚粒子”（virtual particle），545. 以便与实粒子 [b]（real particle）区分开来，而546. 实粒子则不547. 会以这种方式受到制 [b]约，548. 并且其存在可得以测定。 [b]549. Open acknowledgement of the existence of women’s oppression [b]was too radical for the United Stated in the fifties, and Beauvoir’s [b]conclusion , that change in women’s economic condition , though [b]insufficient by itself , “remains the basic factor ” in improving [b]women’s situation , was particularly unacceptable . （4+） [b]公开对妇女压迫的存在的承认对于50年代的美国而言有些过分激进，而且B的结论， [b]即妇女经济状况的变化，经管它本身不是一个充分的因素，但是“仍然是提高妇女 [b]地位的根本因素”的观点，尤其无法令人接受。 [b]550. Other theorists propose that the Moon was ripped out of the [b]Earth’s rocky　mantle by the Earth’s collision with another large [b]celestial body after much of the Earth’s iron fell to its　core. （4）其 [b]他的理论家提出，551. 在地球的大部分铁沉入到地核之后，552. 由于地球 [b]与另一个庞大的天体发生碰撞，553. 月亮便从地球那石质的地幔中撕裂开来而 [b]554. 形成的。 Rip:撕开；拨去；在本文是撕开的意思。 [b]555. However , recent scholarship has strongly suggested that those [b]aspects of early New England culture that seem to have been most [b]distinctly Puritan, such as the strong religious orientation and the [b]communal impulse, were not even typical of New England as a whole, but [b]were largely confined to the two colonies of Massachusetts and [b]Connecticut. （4） [b]然而，进来的学术研究强烈的显示那些看来最为明确的请教徒的早期新英格兰文化 [b]的一些方面，比如强烈的宗教导向和团体意识，就整体而言却不是新英格兰的典型 [b]特征，而是在很大程度上只局限与马萨诸赛和康涅狄格两个州。 [b]556. Thus，557. what in contrast to the Puritan colonies [b]appears to Davis to be peculiarly Southern- acquisitiveness，558. [b]a strong interest in politics and the law，559. and　a [b]tendency to cultivate metropolitan　cultural models-was not only more [b]typically English than the cultural　　patterns exhibited by Puritan [b]Massachusetts and Connecticut，560. but also almost certainly [b]characteristic　of most other early modern British　colonies from [b]Barbados north to Rhode　　Island and New Hampshire. （4） [b]因此，561. 那些与（北方）清教殖民地形成鲜明对比、并在戴维斯教授的 [b]心目中显得具有特殊南方色彩的特征--占有欲、对政治和法律的浓厚兴趣、以及培 [b]养大都市文化模式的倾向--不562. 仅仅要比清教的马萨诸塞州和康乃涅克州 [b]所展现出来的文化模式更具有典型的英国色彩，563. 并且几乎毫无疑问地 [b]构成了绝大多数其它早期近代英国殖民地的特征，564. 从巴巴多斯北至罗得 [b]岛和新罕布什尔州。 [b]565. Portrayals of the folk of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, [b]whom he remembers from early childhood, of the jazz musicians and [b]tenement roofs of his Harlem days, of Pittsburgh steelworkers, and his [b]reconstruction of classical Greek myths in the guise of the ancient [b]Black kingdom of Benin, attest to this.（5） [b]一些描述，关于他从小就记得的北卡罗来纳州的M县的人民、关于他在H的日子里的 [b]爵士乐手和公寓的房顶、关于匹兹堡的钢铁工人的描述和他的假借古代B国对古希腊 [b]神话得宠俗，都表现了这一点。In the guise of :”假借、在…的幌子下，假 [b]装”。 [b]566. A very specialized feeding adaptation in zooplankton is that [b]of the tadpolelike appendicularian who lives in a walnut-sized （or [b]smaller） balloon of mucus equipped with filters that　capture and [b]concentrate phytoplankton. （4） [b]浮游动物体内一种极特殊的进食适应性变化是蝌蚪状的尾海鞘纲动物 [b]（appendicularian）的那种适应性变化，而567. 尾海鞘纲动物则存活于核桃大 [b]小（或更小）的黏液球囊内，568. 装备569. 有过滤器，570. 用以捕捉 [b]和集中浮游植571. 物。 [b]572. These historians，573. however，574. have analyzed [b]less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and　 [b]activities during the same period. （3+） [b]但是，575. 这些史学家还不576. 曾充分地分析同577. 一时期中那些具体的 [b]女权主义思想和活动的发展。 [b]578. Apparently most massive stars manage to lose sufficient [b]material that their masses drop below the critical value of 1.4 M before [b]they exhaust their nuclear fuel. (5) [b]显然，大多数的巨星能够失去足够多的物质以至于在燃尽其核燃料以前他们的质量 [b]下降到关键值1.4M以下。难在：sufficient …that… = so much (many ) … [b]that… [b]579. This is so even though armed forces operate in an ethos of [b]institutional change oriented toward occupational equality and under the [b]federal sanction of equal pay for equal work.（5） [b]即使是武装部队是在一种趋向职业平等的制度变迁的风气中运作的时候，而且即使 [b]部队是在联邦政府的同工同酬的约束下运行的时候，情况仍然是这样。 [b]580. When the core of a giant star whose mass surpasses 1.4 times [b]the present mass of our Sun （M⊙）exhausts its nuclear fuel，581. [b]it is unable to support its own weight and collapses into a [b]tiny neutron star. （4） [b]当一颗质量超过我们的太阳目前质量（M?）1.4倍582. 的巨星的内核耗竭其 [b]核燃料时，583. 它便无法支撑自身的重量，584. 并收缩成为一颗小型 [b]中子星（neutron star）。 [b]585. An impact (on the Mars) capable of ejecting a fragment of the [b]Martian surface into an Earth-intersecting orbit is even less probable [b]than such an event on the Moon, in view of the Moon’s smaller size and [b]closer proximity to Earth. （5） [b]一个能够把活性表面的碎片射入地球交叉轨道的碰撞发生的可能性甚至小于这种事 [b]件在月亮上发生的可能性，考虑到月亮更小的尺寸及其与地球接近的程度。 [b]注：in view of :考虑到、由于=because of； [b]586. Not only are liver transplants never rejected，587. but they [b]even induce a state of donor-specific unresponsiveness in　which [b]subsequent transplants of other organs，588. such as skin，589. from that [b]　　donor are accepted permanently. （4） [b]但是，590. 我们已经发现，591. 在许多种老鼠之间，592. 这些移植 [b]593. 法的“常规”并没有被肝脏移植594. 物所遵循。肝脏移植595. [b]物非但从没遭到过排斥，596. 甚至还诱发了一种供者特异性无应答状态 [b]（donor-specific unresponsiveness），597. 在此状态中，598. 随后来自 [b]那个供者其它器官的移植599. 物，600. 如皮肤，601. 会永久地被接受。 [b]602. As rock interface are crossed, the elastic characteristics [b]encountered （by seismic waves）generally change abruptly, which causes [b]part of the energy to be reflected back to the surface, where it is [b]recorded by seismic instruments. （4） [b]当岩石界面被穿过的时候，震波所遇到的弹性性质通常会发生突然的变化，这就使 [b]得一部分能量被反射回地面，在地面反射回来的波被震波纪录仪记录下来。 [b]603. While the new　doctrine seems almost certainly correct，604. [b]the one papyrus fragment raises the specter that another may [b]be unearthed，605. showing，606. for instance，607. that　it was a [b]posthumous production of the　Danaid tetralogy which bested Sophocles， [b]608. and throwing the date once　　more into utter confusion. （4） [b]数据资料已被统计出来，609. 或被重新统计出来，610. 以便证明在文体学这 [b]方面，611. 《乞援衰女》实际上确实在《波斯人》和《七雄攻忒拜》（后 [b]两者现在则变成了“原始”的剧作）之后以及在轴残片却唤起了一种幽灵似的疑 [b]虑，612. 即另一块残片有可能再度被挖掘出来，613. 并证明，614. [b]比如说，615. 《乞援衰女》是作者藉以击败索福克勒斯的《达那 [b]特四部曲》的一部死后出版之作，616. 从而617. 将创作年代再度置于极度的混 [b]乱之中. [b]注：best:击败,=defeat, overcome, outdo [b]618. The methods that a community　devises to perpetuate itself [b]come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that that [b]community perceives as essential. (3+) [b]一个社会所创造出来藉以使其自身生生不619. 息、恒久不620. 衰的方法 [b]得以形成产生，621. 以保存在这个社会看来具有本质意义的文化遗产的各个方 [b]面。 [b]622. Traditionally, pollination by wind has been viewed as a [b]reproductive process marked by random events in which the vagaries of [b]the wind are compensated for by the generation of vast quantities of [b]pollen, so that the ultimate production of new seeds is assured at the [b]expense of producing much more pollen than is actually used. （4） [b]传统上，风媒传粉被看成是这样的繁殖过程：其特征就是由一些随即事件的发生， [b]在这些随机事件里，风的反复无常被大量的产生花粉所补偿，以至于新种子的最终 [b]产生被保证了，其代价是产生远远多于实际使用量的花粉。 [b]623. Because the potential hazards pollen grains are subject to as [b]they are transported over long distances are enormous，624. wind [b]pollinated plants have，625. in the view above，626. [b]compensated for the　　ensuing loss of pollen through [b]happenstance by virtue of producing an amount of pollen that is one to [b]three orders of magnitude greater than the amount produced by species [b]pollinated by insects. （5） [b]由于花粉粒在其长距离的运输过程中所要面临的潜在危险是巨大的，627. [b]按上述观点来看，628. 由风授粉的植629. 物补偿了通过偶发事 [b]件而630. 伴随造成的花粉损失。其途径是，631. 制造出大于昆虫授粉的植632. [b]物种类所产生的花粉量的一至三个数量级的花粉量。 [b]633. For example，634. the spiral arrangement of　scale-bract [b]complexes on ovule-bearing pine cones，635. where the female [b]reproductive organs of conifers are located，636. is important to [b]the production of airflow patterns that spiral over the cone’s [b]surfaces，637. thereby passing airborne pollen　from one scale to [b]the next. （5） [b]例如，638. 带有胚珠的松球的鳞苞综合体的螺旋状安排，639. 亦即松柏 [b]目植640. 物雌性殖器官的所在位置，641. 对于气流模式的形成与产生殊 [b]为重要，而642. 这些气流模式在松球的表现盘旋上升，643. 从而644. [b]把在空气中飞行的花粉从一个鳞苞传播至下一个鳞苞。 [b]645. Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be [b]liberated from the “social, legal, and economic subordination” of the [b]family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment [b]of “the whole female sex into public industry”. （3+） [b]FE,却预测妇女们将被从家庭的“社会、法律和经济压迫”中解放出来，只是通过使 [b]得征召“整个女性阶层进入公共的工业中去”成为可能的技术进步的方式做到的。 [b]646. It was not the change in office technology，647. but [b]rather the separation of secretarial work，648. 　　previously [b]seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers，649. from [b]administrative　work that in the 1880’s created a new class of "dead- [b]end" jobs，650. thenceforth considered "women’s work." （5）十九世纪 [b]八十年代，651. 产生了新的一类“没前途”的职业，652. 这并不653. [b]是因为办公室技术发生了改变，而654. 是由于秘书工作--在此之前被 [b]视作是初起步的经理们的一种习见训练--与行政工作的分离。自此以后，655. [b]这类“没前途”的职业便被视作是“女人的工作。” [b]注：本文难度再分不656. 清separation … from 的搭配关系 [b]657. The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside [b]the home in the twentieth　　century had less to do with the [b]mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these [b]women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high [b]marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers， [b]658. previously，659. in many cases，660. the only women [b]employers would hire. （5） [b]二十世纪已婚妇女在家庭以外就业的人数不661. 断增加，662. 这与家务 [b]的机械化及这些妇女闲暇时间的增加并无多大联系，663. 更多地是与妇女自身 [b]的经济需要和高婚姻率相关。高婚姻率致使所能雇佣的单身女工的总量缩减，而 [b]664. 在此之前的许多情形中，665. 单身女性则是雇主们所愿雇佣的唯一-一 [b]类妇女。 The pool of 如果后面跟着一群人，666. 则表示劳动力资源 [b]667. For one thing, no population can be driven entirely by density- [b]independent factors all the time.（5）难句类型：正话反说 [b]请思考：如果文中说这句话的前提是：all population are driven by two (and [b]only two) categories of growth parameters, one is density-independent [b]factors, and the other is density-independent factors. 那么作者说上面的这 [b]句话有什么用意。 [b]668. In order to understand the nature of the ecologist’s [b]investigation，669. we may think of the density-dependent [b]effects on growth parameters as the "signal" ecologists are trying to [b]isolate and interpret，670. one that tends to make the population [b]increase from relatively low values or decrease from relatively high [b]ones，671. while the density-independent effects act to [b]produce "noise" in the population dynamics. （5） [b]为了能理解生态学家们所从事的研究的性质，672. 我们可以把那些作用于增长参 [b]数的密度依赖效应视作生态学家们力图将其分离并予以解释的“信号”，673. [b]正是这一信号倾向于使种群从相对较低的数值递增，674. 或从相对 [b]较高的数值递减；而675. 与此同676. 时，677. 那些密度独立效应起 [b]到的作用则构成了种群动态变化中的“噪音”。 [b]678. But the play’s complex view of Black self-esteem and human [b]solidarity as compatible is no more "contradictory" than Du Bois’ [b]famous，679. well-considered ideal of ethnic self-awareness　　 [b]coexisting with human unity，680. or Fanon’s emphasis on an ideal [b]internationalism that also accommodates national identities and roles. [b]（5） [b]但该剧有关黑人自尊可与人类团结相融合这一复杂观点，丝毫都不比杜波伊斯（Du [b]Bois）的理想或法侬（Fanon）的强调来得更为“矛盾”：杜波伊斯提出的著名的、 [b]深思熟虑的理想是，民族的自觉可以和人类大同共存；法侬则对理想的国际主义进 [b]行了强调，而这一理想的国际主义同样也能兼容民族身份与角色。 No more … [b]than :一样不 [b]注：view Black self-esteem and [b]human solidarity [b]ideal ethnic self-awareness coexisting with [b]human unity [b]emphasis national identities and roles accommodates [b]internationalism [b]681. In which of the following does the author of the passage [b]reinforce his criticism of responses such as Isaacs’ to Raisin in the [b]Sun？题干圈套 （5） [b]在以下哪一个选项中，文章的作者加强了她对类似这样的对于《》做出的反应的批 [b]判呢？ [b]682. Inheritors of some of the　viewpoints of early twentieth- [b]century Progressive historians such as Beard and Becker，683. these [b]recent historians have put forward arguments that deserve evaluation. [b]（3+） [b]作为二十世纪早期“进步派”史学家（如Beard和Becker）等人某些观点的继承者， [b]684. 这些近期的史学家所提出的观点值得我们予以评价。 [b]685. Despite these vague categories，686. one should not claim [b]unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be [b]legitimately observed. （5） [b]尽管存在这些模糊范畴，687. 但我们不688. 应该断然声称，689. 在各个易 [b]于辨认出的阶层之间所存在的敌对态度就无法被合理地观察到。 [b]690. Yet those who stress the achievement of a general consensus [b]among the colonists cannot fully understand that consensus without [b]understanding the conflicts that had to be overcome or repressed in [b]order to reach it. （5+） [b]然而，691. 有些史学家强调在殖民者之间曾出现过一种普遍的一致意见。 [b]这些史学家如果不692. 认识到各种矛盾的存在，693. 就无法充分地理解这 [b]种一致意见，而694. 所有那些矛盾只有在被克服695. 或压制之后才有可能 [b]获得那种一致意见。 It 指696. 代：general consensus [b]697. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be [b]most likely to agree with which of the following statements regarding [b]socioeconomic class and support for the rebel and Loyalist causes during [b]the American Revolutionary War？（5）插入语多 [b]从文章中可以推断出来，作者最有可能同意以下哪一个关于在美国革命战争中的社 [b]会经济各阶层及其对叛党和保王党的支持的陈述？ [b]698. She wished to discard the traditional methods and established [b]vocabularies of such dance forms as ballet and to explore the internal [b]sources of human expressiveness.（5） [b]她希望抛弃传统的方法和像芭蕾舞这样已经确立的舞蹈语言，而希望探索人类表现 [b]力的内在源泉。 [b]699. Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and [b]services actually produced what manufactures and servicing trades [b]thought their customers wanted，700. only a study of relevant personal [b]documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of [b]who wanted what. （5） [b]尽管有可能从实际制造的商品和服701. 务中可推知制造商和服702. 务业认为 [b]他们的顾客所需要的是什么，703. 但只有对由实际顾客撰写的相关的个人文 [b]件进行一番研究，704. 方能提供一幅精确的图画，705. 藉以说明 [b]“什么样的人”需要什么样的东西。 [b]706. With regard to this last question, we might note in passing [b]that Thompson, while rightly restoring laboring people to the stage of [b]eighteen-century English history, has probably exaggerated the [b]opposition of these people to the inroads of capitalist consumerism in [b]general: for example, laboring people in eighteen-century England [b]readily shifted from home-brewed beer to standardized beer produced by [b]huge, heavily capitalized urban breweries.（4） [b]关于这个最后的问题，我们可以顺便指出，T尽管正确的使劳动人民重返十八世纪英 [b]国的历史舞台，但是她又可能吹嘘了这些人对于资本主义消费观在普遍意义上的敌 [b]视态度；比如说，十八世纪的英国劳动人民就很容易从家酿的啤酒转而引用由大型 [b]的、资本密集的城市酿酒厂生产的标准啤酒。In passing:顺便的、随便的、偶然的 [b]707. The correlation of carbon dioxide with temperature, of course, [b]does not establish whether changes in atmospheric composition caused the [b]warming and cooling trends or were caused by their.（4+） [b]当然二氧化碳与大气温度之间的相互联系并不能确定到底是大气成分的变化引起了 [b]气候的变暖和变冷的趋势，还是大气成分的变化是由气候的冷暖变化造成的。 [b]708. Such philosophical concerns as the mind-body problem or，709. [b]more generally，710. the nature of　　human knowledge [b]they believe，711. are basic human questions whose tentative [b]philosophical solutions have served as the necessary foundations on [b]which all other intellectual speculation has rested. （5 -） [b]他们相信，712. 诸如灵与肉的问题，713. 或更普遍而714. 言，715. [b]人类知识的性质等此类哲学关注，716. 均是一些基本的人类问题， [b]717. 其探索性的哲学答案已构成一个必要的基础，718. 其它所有的智力思辩 [b]均赖以建立其上。 [b]719. The idea of an autonomous discipline called "philosophy，720. [b]" distinct from and sitting in judgment on such pursuits as [b]theology and science turns out，721. on close examination，722. to be of [b]quite recent origin. （4） [b]细作审视，723. 我们便不724. 难发现，725. 一种被称为“哲学” [b]的独立学科--既有别于神学和科学诸般学科，726. 并高高在上地对其予以评判-- [b]的思想，727. 其渊源却是甚为近期的事。 [b]注：sit in judgment on :审视，做出判断；pursuit:不是追求，而是指被从事的 [b]事业=occupation, career, interest, etc. turn out:被证明是，实际是 [b]728. They were fighting, albeit discreetly, to open the [b]intellectual world to the new science and to liberate intellectual life [b]from ecclesiastical philosophy and envisioned their work as contributing [b]to the growth, not of philosophy, but of research in mathematics and [b]physics.（5-）他们战斗着，729. 尽管是谨慎的，730. 来为学术界打开新科 [b]学的大门，而731. 且去把学术生活从宗教哲学中解脱出来，而732. 且他们把 [b]自己的工作看成是对科学和物理学而733. 不734. 是对哲学成长做出了贡献。 [b]735. But the recent discovery of detailed similarities in the [b]skeletal structure of the flippers in all three groups undermines the [b]attempt to explain away superficial resemblance as due to convergent　　 [b]evolution — the independent development of similarities between [b]unrelated groups in response to similar environmental pressures. （4） [b]但是，736. 最近在所有这三类动物身上，737. 对鳍肢的骨骼结构所 [b]存在的细致共同738. 点的发现足以削弱这样一种企图，739. 即把表面上的近似作 [b]为趋同740. 进化所致的结果来将其解释掉。而741. 所谓的趋同742. [b]进化（convergent evolution），743. 是指744. 在互不745. [b]相关的生物群体之间，746. 作为对类似的环境压力作出的反应，747. [b]彼此独立的发展形成某些相同748. 特征。 [b]749. Human genes contain too little information even to specify [b]which hemisphere of the brain　　each of a human’s 10’’ neurons [b]should occupy，750. let alone the hundreds of connections that [b]each neuron makes. （5） [b]人类因基所包含的信息是如此之少，751. 以致于就连去具体规定人类1011的神经细 [b]胞中任意一个细胞应占据大脑的哪个半脑都无法做到，752. 更不753. 用提每个 [b]神经细胞所会形成的数百种连接。 [b]754. For the woman who is a practitioner of feminist literary [b]criticism, the subjectivity versus objectivity, or critic-as-artist-or- [b]scientist, debate has special significance; for her, the question is not [b]only academic, but political as well, and her definition will court [b]special risks whichever side of the issue it favors.（5） [b]对于一个从事女权主义文学评论的妇女来说，主观性还是客观性，或者说评论家应 [b]该做艺术家还是作科学家的争论有着特殊的重要性；对她来说，此问题不仅仅是学 [b]术上的，而且还是政治上的，并且她所给出的定义，不管有利于问题的哪一方面， [b]都会招致特殊的风险。 [b]755. If she defines feminist criticism as objective and scientific - [b] a valid, verifiable, intellectual method that anyone, whether man or [b]woman , can perform - the definition not only precludes the critic-as- [b]artist approach, but may also impede accomplishment of the utilitarian [b]political objectives of those who seek to change the academic [b]establishment and its thinking, especially about sex roles.（4）假如她把 [b]女权主义文学评论定义为客观的和科学性的——一个有效的、可证实的、理性的、 [b]无论男女都可以使用的方法——那么，756. 这个定义不757. 仅将排挤 [b]掉批评家作为艺术家的方法，而758. 且可能会阻碍那些寻求改变学术界的现状 [b]的及其思维，759. 特别是有关性别角色的思维的人们的实用主义的政治目标760. [b]的成就。 [b]761. These questions are political in the sense that the debate [b]over them will inevitably be less an exploration of abstract matters in [b]a spirit of disinterested inquiry than an academic power struggle in [b]which the careers and professional fortunes of many women scholars-only [b]now entering the academic profession in substantial numbers-will be at [b]stake，762. and with them the chances for a distinctive [b]contribution to humanistic understanding，763. a contribution [b]that might be an important influence against sexism in our society. [b]（5+） [b]这些问题之所以带有政治性质，764. 因为不765. 可避免地，766. [b]围绕这些问题展开的争论与其说是一种在客观冷静科研精神指767. [b]导下对抽象问题的探索，768. 倒不769. 如说是一种学术上的权力斗 [b]争。在此斗争中，770. 许多女学者中--只是在现在才开始以众多的人数进 [b]入学术界--的学术生涯和职业命运将处于存亡攸关的危急关头，771. 与她们相 [b]伴随的是对人文理解作出一种独特贡献的机遇，772. 这一贡献则很有可能 [b]成为消除我们社会中所存在的性别主义的一股重要影响。 [b]773. Perhaps he believed that he could not criticize American [b]foreign policy without endangering the support for civil rights that he [b]had won from the federal government.（4-）他有可能相信，774. 他不775. [b]能够即批评美国的对外政策，同776. 时又不777. 危及到他 [b]从联邦政府那里已经获得的对民权运动的支持。 [b]778. However, some broods possess a few snails of the opposing [b]hand, and in predominantly sinistral broods, the incidence of dextrality [b]is surprisingly high.（5）可是，779. 一些窝中会有一些相反旋向的蜗牛，而 [b]780. 且在主要是左旋的窝种，781. 出现右旋的几率是令人惊奇的高。 [b]782. In experiments，783. an injection of cytoplasm from [b]dextral eggs changes the pattern of sinistral eggs，784. but an [b]injection from sinistral eggs does not influence dextral eggs. [b]在实验中，785. 用取自右旋卵子的细胞质进行的注射，786. 可改变左 [b]旋卵子的模式；用取自左旋卵子的细胞质进行的注射却不787. 能影响到右旋卵 [b]子。 [b]788. Recently some scientists have concluded that meteorites found [b]on Earth and long believed to have a Martian origin might actually have [b]been blasted free of Mars’s gravity by the impact on　　Mars of other [b]meteorites. （4+） [b]最近，789. 某些科学家得出结论认为，790. 那些在地球上发现的 [b]并一直被相信源自火星的陨石（meteorite），791. 实际上有可能是由于其它的陨 [b]石撞击火星而792. 致使其被震793. 离火星的重力作用范围。 [b]794. Under the force of this view，795. it was perhaps inevitable [b]that the art of rhetoric should pass from the status of being regarded [b]as of questionable worth （because although it might be both a source of [b]pleasure and a means to urge people to right action，796. it might [b]also be a means to distort truth and a source of misguided action）to [b]the status of being wholly condemned. （4） [b]在这种观点的力量作用下，797. 一件或许是不798. 可避免的事情发生 [b]了：修辞艺术竟然从被视和具有让人怀疑的价值这样一种地位（因为尽管它有可能 [b]既构成一种歪曲真理的手段和误导行为的来源）转变到彻底遭谴责的地位。 [b]799. None of these translations to screen and stage，800. however， [b]801. dramatize the anarchy at the　　conclusion of A Connecticut [b]Yankee，802. which ends with the violent overthrow　of Morgan’s [b]three-year-old progressive order and his return to the nineteenth [b]century，803. where he apparently commits suicide after being [b]labeled a lunatic for his incoherent babblings about drawbridges and [b]battlements. （4） [b]然则，804. 在所有这些被搬上银幕和舞台的改编作品中，805. 没有任何 [b]一部作品能生动地再现《康乃涅克州的美国佬》结尾处的无政府状态。而806. [b]在原作结尾处所描述的情节是，807. 摩根历时三年之久苦心经营的 [b]进步事业被暴力推翻，808. 他又重返于十九世纪，809. 在由于他的那些有关 [b]吊桥和城垛的语无伦次的唠叨而810. 被列为疯子之后，811. 显然自杀 [b]身亡。 [b]812. Calculations of the density of alloys based on Bernal-type [b]models of the alloys metal component agreed fairly well with the [b]experimentally determined values from measurements on alloys consisting [b]of a noble metal together with a metalloid，813. such as alloys of [b]palladium and silicon，814. or alloys consisting of iron，815. [b]phosphorus，816. and carbon，817. although small [b]discrepancies remained. （5） [b]以伯纳尔所建立的旨在研究合金中金属成分的那类模型为基础，818. 研究人员 [b]对合金密度进行了计算，819. 这些计算相当程度上与某些合金测量中通过实验确 [b]定的数据趋于一致，820. 尽管一些细小的差异依然存在。实验中测量的那类 [b]合金由一贵金属和一准金属构成，821. 例如，822. 钯和硅的合金，823. [b]或由铁、磷、和碳组成的合金。 [b]824. And Walzer advocates as the means of eliminating this tyranny [b]and of restoring genuine equality “the abolition of the power of money [b]outside its sphere”.（4） [b]而起，W倡议把“在金钱的圈子之外废除金钱的力量”作为笑出这种暴政并且重新获 [b]得真正的平等的方法。 [b]825. It is now established that the Milky Way is far more extended [b]and of much greater mass than was hitherto thought. [b]现在，826. 这已成为一个不827. 争的事实：银河系要比迄今为止所想象的 [b]要来得远为浩瀚广阔，828. 并具有远高得多的质量。 [b]829. Is it not tyrannical, in Pascal’s sense, to insist that those [b]who excel in “sensitivity” or “the ability to express compassion” [b]merit equal wealth with those who excel in qualities (such as “the [b]capacity for hard work”) essential in producing wealth? （5） [b]按照P的观点，坚持那些在“敏感性”或“表达同情心的能力”上突出的人应该与那 [b]些在对赚钱很重要的能力（比如“刻苦工作的能力”）上突出的人得到同样的财 [b]富，难道这种做法就不是暴政么？ [b]830. Yet Waizer’s argument，831. however deficient，832. [b]does point to one of the most serious weak-　　nesses of [b]capitalism-namely，833. that it brings to predominant positions in a [b]society people who，834. no matter how legitimately they have earned [b]their material rewards，835. often lack those　other qualities [b]that evoke affection or admiration. （5） [b]然则，836. 沃尔泽的论点，837. 无论它不838. 充分到何种地步， [b]839. 确实揭示了资本主义体制中最严重的一个弱点，840. 即它将某 [b]一类人置于社会中的显赫地位置，841. 这类人无论以怎样合法的方式获得了其物 [b]质报偿，842. 却常常缺乏其它那些能唤起他人受戴和钦佩的品质。 [b]843. The appreciation of traditional oral American Indian [b]literature has been limited，844. hampered by poor translations and [b]by the difficulty，845. even in the rare culturally sensitive and [b]aesthetically　　satisfying translation，846. of completely conveying [b]the original’s verse structure，847. tone，848. and [b]syntax.（4 - ）对美国印第安人传统口头文学的欣赏，849. 一直被质量低劣的翻 [b]译所限制和妨碍，850. 并且即使是那种不851. 可多得的既体现着文 [b]化敏感性，852. 又在美学上令人满意的译作，853. 也难以完全传递出原 [b]作的诗体结构、语调和句法。 [b]注：the difficulty (….) of：括号中的是插入语 [b]854. Mores，855. which embodied each culture’s ideal [b]principles for governing every citizen，856. were developed in the [b]belief that the foundation of a community lies in the cultivation of [b]individual powers to be placed in service to the community. （4+）“风俗 [b]习惯”，857. 体现了每一文化制约每个公民的理想准则，858. 它是在这 [b]种信仰中发展而859. 来的，860. 即一个社会的基础在于个人能力的培养， [b]861. 并将这些个人能力置于对社会的服862. 务之中。 [b]863. Only in the case of　the February Revolution do we lack　a [b]useful description of participants　　that might characterize it in the [b]light of what social history has taught us about the process of [b]revolutionary mobilization. （5） [b]唯独在二月革命（the February Revolution）这一情形中，864. 我们缺乏 [b]一种有用的有关参加者的描述，而865. 这一描述则有可能按照社会历史有关革命 [b]动员过程所教给我们的内容来勾画出这场革命的性质。 [b]866. As a consequence, it may prove difficult or impossible to [b]establish for a successful revolution a comprehensive and trustworthy [b]picture of those who participated, or to answer even the most basic [b]questions one might pose concerning the social origins of the insurgents. [b]（5） [b]作为一个结果，有两件事就变得很困难或者根本不可能，1、为一次成功的革命建立 [b]起一个详尽的并可信的关于参加者的描述；2、回答人们会问的、关于起义者的社会 [b]背景的甚至是最为基本的问题。 [b]867. Anthropologists and others are on much firmer ground when they [b]attempt to describe the　　cultural norms for a small homogeneous tribe [b]or village than when they undertake the formidable task of discovering [b]the norms that exist in a complex modern nation state composed of many [b]disparate groups. （4） [b]当人类学家和其他人试图去描述一个小规模的同868. 一性质 [b]（homogeneous）部落或村落的文化标869. 准时，870. 他们处在 [b]一种要坚实得多的基础上。相对而871. 言，872. 当他们着手从事这样一个艰巨 [b]的任务，873. 即去揭示存在于一个复874. 杂的、由许多彼此间毫无联系 [b]的群体所构成的现代单一民族的独立国家（nation-state）时，875. 他们就具 [b]备876. 一个同877. 样坚实的基础。 [b]878. The Italian influence is likely, whatever Valdez immediate [b]source: the Mexican carpas themselves are said to have originated from [b]the theater pieces of a sixteenth-century Spanish writer inspired by [b]encounters with Italian commedia dell’arte troupes on tour in Spain. [b]（4+） [b]不管V的直接来源是什么，意大利的影响都有可能存在：墨西哥的C戏剧本身就被认 [b]为来自于16世纪的西班牙作家的戏剧作品，而那些作家的灵感来自与他们与在西班 [b]牙巡回演出的意大利cd剧团的遭遇。 [b]879. It has thus generally been by way of the emphasis on oral [b]literary creativity that these Chicano writers，880. whose English [b]language works are sometimes uninspired，881. developed the powerful and [b]arresting language that characterized their Spanish-language works. 因 [b]此，882. 一般而883. 言，884. 正是通过对口头文学创造性的强调，885. [b]这些奇卡诺作家--其英语作品时常显得缺乏灵感--才得以发展一种强有 [b]力的和富于吸引力的语言，886. 并以此构成了他们西班牙语作品的特征。 [b]887. To measure them properly，888. monitoring equipment would [b]have to be laid out on a grid at intervals of at most 50 kilometers，889. [b]with sensors at each grid point lowered deep in the ocean and [b]kept there for many months. [b]为了恰当地测量它们，890. 监测设备891. 必须被设置在一网络上，892. [b]彼此的间距最多为五十公里，893. 位于每个网点的感应器沉放至 [b]海洋深处，894. 并在许多个月中一直固定在那里。 [b]895. This declaration，896. which was echoed in the text of the [b]Fourteenth Amendment，897. was designed primarily to counter the [b]Supreme Court’s ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford that Black people in [b]the United States could be denied citizenship. （3） [b]这一在第十四条修正案的文本中被复898. 述的宣言，899. 主要是旨在对抗最高 [b]法院在“Dred Scott诉Sandford”一案中的判决，900. 此判决裁定，901. [b]在美国的黑人可被剥夺公民权。 [b]902. The broad language of the amendment strongly suggests that its [b]framers were proposing to write into the Constitution not a laundry list [b]of specific civil rights but a principle of equal citizenship that [b]forbids organized society from treating any individual as a member of an [b]inferior class. （4）第十四条修正案的宽泛笼统的语言强烈地暗示，903. [b]其制定者所意欲载入宪法的不904. 是一张具体民法的细目清单， [b]而905. 是一种平等公民权的原则，906. 这一原则禁止有组织的社会将 [b]任何一个个人作为劣等阶层的成员来对待。 [b]907. This doctrine has broadened the application of the Fourteenth [b]Amendment to other，908. nonracial forms of discrimination，909. [b]for while some justices have refused to find，910. any [b]legislative　　classification other than race to be