托福语法做题规律口诀之二
寄托天下 2005-11-28 02:42 浏览3572次
  [b]口诀二 去掉独立成分,答案自然现身[/b] [b]  这一口诀主要是用来解"填空"题的.我们所遇到的情况更多是题干的句子较长而且关系复杂, [b]  如按传统的方法先搞清楚句子内部关系,分辨出句子的基本意思,再找出相应缺少的成分----- [b]  -不但耗时很多,而且把握不大.这里,我们介绍的方法则简便了许多:将具有"独立"意义的句子 [b]  成分去掉------如果这时主句不缺少成分的化,也不予以考虑------只考虑剩下,不"独立"的 [b]  成分.这样,关系简单了,正确答案也就容易找到了.而且绝大部分情况下,在"语法"层次----- [b]  即不弄懂句义的情况下-----即可选出正确答案. [b]  那么,都有哪些成分时"独立成分"呢?主要有以下几种: [b]  1.副词和不是用作前置定语的分词; [b]  2.不定式,介词,分词,同位语等短语; [b]  3.所有的从句. [b]  这种方式究竟有多大的作用呢?下面我们来看几个例句: [b]  (7) Geophysicists have collaborated with archaeologists and anthropologists [b]  to study the magnetic properties of pottery and fireplaces at sites ------ [b]  by early humans. [b]  A. occupied B. occupying [b]  C. which D. were occupied [b]  如果按照上面提到的标准去衡量,这个句子的题干就应该时这样的: [b]  (Geophysicists have collaborated主句)(with archaeologists and [b]  anthropologists介词短语)(to study the magnetic properties不定式短语)(of [b]  pottery and fireplaces介词短语)(at sites介词短语)------(by early humans.介词 [b]  短语) [b]  将这些"独立成分"都去掉后就只剩下"Geophysicists have collaborated".由于题干的主 [b]  句及其它部分都不缺少成分,作为答案的选项也必须是一个"独立成分".在不考虑词义的情况 [b]  下,A,B,C3个选项似乎都可以.但是,如果B项可以的话,C也一定可以.反面证明两个选项都不 [b]  行,答案自然是A了. [b]  (8) During the late fifteenth century, ------ of the native societies fo [b]  America had professions in the fields of arts and crafts. [b]  A. only a few B. a few but [b]  C. few, but only D. a few only [b]  还是按照前面提到的标准去衡量,这个句子的题干部分就会变成下面这样: [b]  (During the late fifteenth century介词短语),-----(of the native societies [b]  fo America介词短语)had professions (in the fields介词短语)(of arts and crafts [b]  介词短语). [b]  把独立成分去掉后就只剩下 "------ had professions".一眼即可看出,句子缺少主语.答 [b]  案自然就是A了. [b]
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