最近，在雅思官方网站[url=http://www.ielts.org/]www.ielts.org[/url]上公布了有关雅思考试成绩换算及评分标准的相关信息，包含雅思考题是如何制作的以及有关雅思写作和口语的具体评分标准。[b][b] 雅思考试的所有阅卷工作由经过训练的评分人员和考官在考试中心进行。评分人员受过专门训练，了解雅思评分相关政策，而且切实做到按照评分标准给听力和阅读考卷评分。每隔一年对评分人员进行测评，以确保评分符合标准。在每个考试中心，会进行系统化的监测，并对一定比例的答题纸实施双重阅卷。[b][b] 对于雅思写作和口语考官的招聘和培训按照既定标准进行。除了会持续监测考官的表现之外，还会每隔一年测评考官，以确保按照标准评分。[b][b] 考生的成绩从1分到9分计算。听说读写分项评分。然后把四个分项成绩平均得出总分。总分和听力阅读成绩有整分有半分；写作和口语只以整分计算。[b][b][b]　　总分[b][/b][b]　　考生成绩纪录在成绩单上。成绩单中包含总分以及听力阅读写作和口语各项的得分。每个分项的成绩比重相同。总分是把所有四项的成绩相加然后取平均数。[b][b]　　总分按照离其最近的整分或半分给出。按照下列四舍五入方法计算：如果平均分是.25，那么进到.5，如果是.75，那么进到下个整分。[b][b]　　因此，如果考生听力6.5，阅读6.5，写作5.0，口语7.0，那么总分则为6.5（25 ÷ 4 = 6.25 = 总分 6.5）[b][b]　　同样，如果考生听力4.0，阅读3.5，写作4.0，口语4.0，那么总分则为4.0 (15.5 ÷ 4 = 3.875 = 总分 4.0)[b][b]　　另一方面，如果考生听力6.5，阅读6.0，写作6.0，口语6.0，那么总分则为4.0 (24.5 ÷ 4 = 6.125 = 总分 6)[b][b][b]　　听力和阅读[b][/b][b]　　雅思听力和阅读试卷各有40道题，每个正确答案为1分；考生在考卷中所能得到的最高原始分为40。根据原始分换算为1到9分的成绩。[b][b]　　虽然所有的雅思考卷在正式使用前都曾经经过预考和试用，但不可避免，在各次考试之间依然会有难度值上的细微差别。为了实现各次考试之间的均衡，设置了分数值换算的范围，以使得所有考生的成绩在同等程度上可比较。这意味着，比如说6分成绩在各次考试的原始分上可能有小差别。[b][b]　　下面的表格表明了2004年期间考生在听力，留学类阅读和普通培训类阅读上各个成绩的原始分平均数，这些数字表明取得某个成绩需要答对的题数。 [b][b]听力 [b]成绩 [/b] [b]40道题中答对题数[/b] 5 16 6 23 7 30 8 35 [b]留学类阅读[b] [b]成绩 [/b] [b]40道题中答对题数[/b] 5 15 6 23 7 30 8 35 [b]普通培训类阅读[b][b] [b]成绩 [/b] [b]40道题中答对题数[/b] 5 15 6 23 7 30 8 35 [b]成绩 40道题中答对题数[b][b] [b]成绩 [/b] [b]40道题中答对题数[/b] 4 15 5 23 6 30 7 34 [b][b] 留学类和普通培训类考卷的平分按照同一个标准。两者之间的区别是在文体或话语层面上。留学类考卷可能会含有词汇难度较大或问题更复杂的文章。通常要想取得某个成绩，普通培训类考卷中需要答对更多题数。[b][b][b]　　写作和口语[b][/b][b]　　在给写作和口语评分的时候，考官会使用从0到9分的各档次详细成绩描述来打分。[b][b][b]　　写作[b][b][/b]　　考官根据以下四个评分标准打分：Task Achievement (for Task 1), Task Response (for Task 2), Coherence and Cohesion, Lexical Resource and Grammatical Range and Accuracy。每个部分比重相同。[b][b][b]　　口语[b][/b][b]　　考官根据以下四个评分标准打分：Fluency and Coherence, Lexical Resource, Grammatical Range and Accuracy and Pronunciation。每个部分比重相同。[b][b] 有关写作和口语的每个成绩档次的描述被用来帮助人们理解在四个评分标准的每一个方面达到某个成绩所需要的表现水准。会对雅思考官进行面对面的强化培训和标准化控制，以确保考官能够有效并可靠地应用成绩档次描述。[b][b]　　来源：[b][url=http://www.ielts.org/teachersandresearchers/scoreprocessingreportingandinterpretation/article199.aspx]http://www.ielts.org/teachersandresearchers/scoreprocessingreportingandinterpretation/[b]article199.aspx[/url] [b]　　Score processing, reporting and interpretation[b][/b][b] All IELTS marking takes place at the test centre by trained markers and examiners. Markers are trained to understand the IELTS marking policy and are required to demonstrate that they are marking to standard before they are allowed to mark Listening and Reading papers. Markers are re-tested every two years to ensure that their marking remains up to standard. Systematic monitoring and double marking of a proportion of answer sheets is carried out at each administration.[b][b] Examiners for the Writing and Speaking modules are recruited and trained in line with agreed standards. They are required to demonstrate that they are marking to standard every two years in addition to on-going monitoring of their performance.[b][b] Candidates receive scores on a Band Scale from 1 to 9. A score is reported for each skill module of the test. The four individual module scores are averaged and rounded to produce an Overall Band Score. Overall Band Scores and Listening and Reading scores are presented as whole or half bands; Writing and Speaking band scores are reported in whole bands only. [b][b][b]　　Overall Band Score[b][/b][b] Candidates receive a Test Report Form setting out their Overall Band Score and their scores on each of the four modules, Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking. Each of the module scores is equally weighted. The Overall Band Score is calculated by taking the mean of the total of the four individual module scores. [b][b] Overall Band Scores are reported to the nearest whole or half band. For the avoidance of doubt, the following rounding convention applies; if the average across the four skills ends in .25, it is rounded up to the next half band, and if it ends in .75, it is rounded up to the next whole band.[b][b] Thus a candidate achieving 6.5 for Listening, 6.5 for Reading, 5.0 for Writing and 7.0 for Speaking would be awarded an Overall Band Score of 6.5 (25 ÷ 4 = 6.25 = Band 6.5).[b][b] Likewise a candidate achieving 4.0 for Listening, 3.5 for Reading, 4.0 for Writing and 4.0 for Speaking would be awarded an Overall Band Score of 4.0 (15.5 ÷ 4 = 3.875 = Band 4.0).[b][b] On the other hand, a candidate achieving 6.5 for Listening, 6.0 for Reading, 6.0 for Writing and 6.0 for Speaking would be awarded band 6 (24.5 ÷ 4 = 6.125 = Band 6).[b]For more information on how IELTS test material is produced click here . [b][b][b]　　Listening and Reading[b][/b][b] IELTS Listening and Reading papers contain 40 items and each correct item is awarded one mark; the maximum raw score a candidate can achieve on a paper is 40. Band scores ranging from Band 1 to Band 9 are awarded to candidates on the basis of their raw scores.[b][b] Although all IELTS test materials are pretested and trialled before being released as live tests, there are inevitably minor differences in the difficulty level across tests. In order to equate different test versions, the band score boundaries are set so that all candidates’ results relate to the same scale of achievement. This means, for example, that the Band 6 boundary may be set at a slightly different raw score across versions. Click here for a detailed description of the IELTS Question Paper Production process. [b][b] The tables below indicate the mean raw scores achieved by candidates at various levels in each of the Listening, Academic Reading and General Training Reading modules during 2004 and they provide an indication of the number of marks required to achieve a particular band score.[b][b][b]　　Listening[b][/b][b] Band Score Raw score out of 40 5 16 6 23 7 30 8 35 [b][b][b]Academic Reading[/b][b][b] Band Score Raw score out of 40 5 15 6 23 7 30 8 35 [b][b][b]General Training Reading[/b] [b][b] Band Score Raw score out of 40 4 15 5 23 6 30 7 35 [b] The Academic and General Training papers are graded to the same scale. The distinction between the two modules is one of genre or discourse type. Academic papers may contain source texts featuring more difficult vocabulary or greater complexity of style. It is usual that, to secure a given band score, a greater number of questions must be answered correctly on a General Training Reading paper. [b][b][b]　　Writing and Speaking[/b] [b][b] When marking the Writing and Speaking modules examiners use detailed performance descriptors which describe written and spoken performance at each of the 9 IELTS bands.[b][b][b]　　Writing[b][/b][b] Examiners award a band score for each of four criterion areas: Task Achievement (for Task 1), Task Response (for Task 2), Coherence and Cohesion, Lexical Resource and Grammatical Range and Accuracy. The four criteria are equally weighted. [b][b][b]　　Speaking[b][b][/b] Examiners award a band score for each of four criterion areas: Fluency and Coherence, Lexical Resource, Grammatical Range and Accuracy and Pronunciation. The four criteria are equally weighted. [b][b] Versions of the band descriptors for Writing and Speaking have been developed to help stakeholders better understand the level of performance required to attain a particular band score in each of the criterion areas. IELTS examiners undergo intensive face to face training and standardisation to ensure that they can apply the descriptors in a valid and reliable manner. To view a version of the descriptors for Writing Task 1 click here, for Writing Task 2 click here and for Speaking click here .