Most and Most of [b]1. most + noun [b]We can use most before a noun phrase as a determiner. We do not generally use of when there is no other deterniner (e.g. article or possessive). [b]Most cheese is made from cow's milk. (NOT Most of cheese...) [b]Most Swiss people undersatnd French. (NOT Most of Swiss people....) [b]However, most of can be used without a following determiner in a few cases --- for instance, before personal and geographical names. [b]The Romans conquered most of England. [b]the is not used when there is no comparison, and most simply means "the majority of". [b]Most children like ice-cream. (NOT The most children....) [b]2. most of + deterniner/pronoun [b]Before determiners (e.g. a, the, my, this) and pronouns, we use most of. [b]He's eaten two pizzas and most of a cold chicken. [b]You've got most of the bed, as usual. [b]Most of the people here know each other. [b]Most of my friends live abroad. (NOT Most my friends...) [b]She's eaten most of that cake. [b]Most of us thought he was wrong. [b]3. most without a noun [b]We can drop a noun after most if the meaning is clear. [b]Some people had difficulty with the lecture, but most understood. [b]Ann and Robby found a lot of blackberries, but Susan found the most. [b]4. most meaning "very" [b]Most can be used before adjectives to mean "very" in evaluating expressions, especially in a formal style. [b]That is most kind of you. [b]Thank you for a most interesting afternoon. [b]The experience was most distressing. [b]5. superlative adjectives and adverbs [b] [b][b]most of ,all of用法小议 [b]most of ,all of +名词单数，复数，不可数名词 [b]example: [b]Most of the book is written by me. [b]most of my books [b]all good book "all"修饰good [b]all the book 整个这本书 [b]all the books 所有的书 [b]all/both/half 可以用all/both/half/+限定词+n其他如many some each.都不可以。都要遵从 不定代词+of+限定词+n的形式，其中of+限定词可以同时出现或者消失。 [b] [b][b]about a word --all: [b]all refers to three or more items. Compare: [b]I'll take all three shirts, please. [b]I'll tale both shirts. (Not ... all two shirts) [b]2. subject, object or complement: [b]all can be the subject, object or complement of a sentence. [b]All that maters is to be happy. [b]I gave here all she asked for. [b]that's all. [b]3. all with nouns and pronouns: [b]all can modify a noun or pronoun. Two positions are possible: [b]with the noun or pronoun: [b]All (of) the people were singing. [b]I haven't read all of it. [b]Give my love to them all. [b]4. [b]all with adjectives, adverbs etc: [b]all can be used to emphasise some adjectives, adverbs, prepositions and conjunctions. [b]You're all wet. [b]I was all alone. [b]I looked all round, but I couldn't see anything. [b]Tell me all about your holiday. [b]It's all because of you. [b]5. all, everybody: [b]We do not normally use all to mean "everybody". Compare: [b]All the people stood up. [b]Everybody stood up. (Not All stood up.) [b]6. all and everything: [b]all can mean "everything", but usually only in the structure "all + relative clause ( all that...). Compare: [b]All (that) I have is yours. [b]everything is yours. ( Not All is yours) [b]She lost all she owned. [b]She lost everything. (Not She lost all.) [b]this structure often has a rather negative meaning, expressing ideas like "nothing more" or "the only thing(s)". [b]This is all i've got. [b]All I want is a place to sit down. [b]All that happened was that he went to sleep. [b]Note also That's all (= "It's finished"; "There's no more"). [b]7. all and all of: [b]all (of) can modify nouns and pronouns. [b]before a noun with a determiner (for example the , my , this), all and all of are both possible. [b]She's eaten all (of) the cake. [b]All (of) my friends like riding. [b]Before a noun with no determiner, we do not normally use of. [b]All children can be difficult. (Not All of children...) [b]8. all of + personal pronoun [b]with personal pronouns, we use all of + object form [b]All of us/you/them can be the subject or object of a clause. [b]All of us can come tomorrow. (Not All we...) [b]She's invited all of you. [b]Mary sent all of them her love. [b]9. pronoun + all [b]we can put all after pronouns used as objects. [b]She's invited you all. [b]Mary sent her love to them all. [b]I've made us all something to eat. [b]This does not happen with complement pronouns or in short answers. [b]Is that all of them? (Not Is that them all?) [b]Who did you invite? All of them. (Not Them all ) [b]All can follow a subject pronoun (e.g. They all went home), but in this case it belongs grammatically with the verb and may be separated from the pronoun (e.g. They have all gone home). [b]10. types of noun [b]all is used mostly before uncountable and plural nouns. [b]all the water [b]all my friends [b]However, all can be used before some singular countable nouns referring to things that can naturally be divided into parts. [b]all that week [b]all my family [b]all the way. [b]with other singular countable nouns, it is more natural to use whole (e.g. the whole story) [b]11. negative verbs [b]it is not very common to use all + noun as the subject of a negative verb (e.g. All Americans don't like hamburgers). We more often use not all + noun + affirmative verb. [b]Not all Americans like hamburgers. [b]Note the difference between not all and no. Compare: [b]Not all birds can fly. [b]No birds can play chess. [b]12. leaving out the [b]it is sometimes possible to drop the after all (e.g. all day, all three brothers) [b]13. all: with verbs [b]when all refers to the subject of a clause, it can go with the verb, in "mid-position" (like some adverbs) [b]auxiliary verb + all [b]am/are/is/was/were + all [b]We can all swim. [b]The guests have all arrived. [b]Those apples were all bad. [b]all + other verb [b]My family all work in education. [b]They all liked the soup. [b]Note that these meanings can also be expressed by using all (of) + noun/pronoun as the subject. [b]All of us can swim. [b]All (of) the guests have arrived. [b]14. all and every [b]all and every can both be used to talk about people or things in general, or about all the members of a group. There is little difference of meaning; every often suggests "without exception". The two words are used in different structures. [b]every is used with a singular noun. To give the same meaning, all is used with a plural noun. Compare: [b]every + singular [b]every child needs love. (Not all child needs love) [b]every light was out. [b]all + plural [b]All children need love. [b]All the lights were out. [b]we can use all, but not mormally every, with certain determiners (articles, possessives or demonstratives). Compare: [b]all + determiner + plural [b]All the lights were out. [b]I've written to all my friends. [b]every + singlular [b]every light was out. (Not the every light...) [b]I've written to every friend I have. (Not every my friend/my every friend) [b]15. all and whole [b]all (of) and whole can both be used with singular nouns to mean "complete", "every part of ". The word order is different. [b]determiner + whole + noun [b]all (of) + determiner + noun [b]Sam spent the whole week at home. [b]Sam spent all (of) the week at home. [b]my whole life [b]all (of ) my life. [b]All is not generally used before indefinite articles. [b]She's eaten a whole loaf. (Not .... all a loaf) [b]with plural nouns, all and whole have different meanings. all is like every; whole means "complete", "entire". Compare: [b]All Indian tribes suffered from white settlement in America. (= every Indian tribe suffered....) [b]Whole Indian tribes were killed off. (= Complete tribes were killed off; nobody was left alive in these tribes.) [b]about "most":[/b] [b]1. most + noun. [b]we can use "most" before a noun phrase as a deterniner. we do not generally use "of" when there is no other deterniner (e.g. article or possessive). [b]1-1. Most cheese is made from cow's milk. (Not Most of cheese...) [b]1-2. Most Swiss people understand French. (Not Most of Swiss people...) [b]However, "most of " can be used without a following determiner in a few cases - for instance, before personal and geographical names. [b]1-3. Most of George seemed to be covered with hair. [b]1-4. The Romans conquered most of England. [b]2. most of + determiner/pronoun [b]before determiners (e.g. a,the,my,this) and pronouns, we use "most of" [b]2-1. He's eaten two pizzas and most of a cold chicken. [b]2-2. You've got most of the bed, as usual. [b]2-3. Most of the people here know each other. [b]2-4. Most of my friends live abroad. (Not Most my friends) [b]2-5. She's eaten most of that cake. [b]2-6. Most of us thought he was wrong. [b]3. "most" without a noun [b]We can drop a noun after "most" if the meaning is clear. [b]3-1. Some people had difficulty with the leture, but most understood. [b]3-2. Ann and Robby found a lot of blackberries, but Susan found the most. [b]4. superlative adjectives and adverbs [b](The) most is used to make the superlative forms of longer adjectives and most adverbs. [b]4-1. Which car goes fastest? [b]4-2. the most beautiful girl. [b]5. "most" meaning "very" [b]"Most" can be used before adjectives to mean "very" in evaluating expressions, especially in a formal style. [b]5-1. That is most kind of you. [b]5-2. Thank you for a most interesting afternoon. [b]5-3. The experience was most distressing [b]about "total", the word "tatal" can be an adjective, noun and verb. when "total" is an adjective. tatal + non-countable noun [b]1 [b][usually before noun]complete, or as great as is possible [b]total failure/disaster The sales campaign was a total disaster.a total ban on cigarette advertisingHe looked at her with a total lack of comprehension.a sport that demands total commitment [b]2 [b]total number/amount/cost etc [b]the number, amount etc that is the total [b]total sales of 200,000 per year Her total income was $10,000 a year. [b]when "total" is a noun. [b][countable] [b]1 [b]the final number or amount of things, people etc when everything has been counted [b]That's $7 and $3.50, so the total is $10.50. [b]a total of 20/100 etc [b]A total of thirteen meetings were held to discuss the issue. [b]in total [b]There were probably about 40 people there in total. [b]the sum total (=the whole of an amount when everything is considered together) [b]2 [b]grand total [b]a) the final total, including all the totals added together [b]b) used humorously when you think the final total is small [b]I earned a grand total of $4.15. [b][b][url=http://bbs.gter.net/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=309240]http://bbs.gter.net/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=309240[/url]