[b]一、图形种类及概述法：[/b] [b][b]泛指一份数据图表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table [b]饼图：pie chart [b]直方图或柱形图：bar chart / histogram [b]趋势曲线图：line chart / curve diagram [b]表格图：table [b]流程图或过程图：flow chart / sequence diagram [b]程序图：processing/procedures diagram 以下是一些较常用的描述用法 [b]The table/chart diagram/graph shows (that) [b]According to the table/chart diagram/graph [b]As (is) shown in the table/chart diagram/graph [b]As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures, [b]figures/statistics shows (that)... [b]It can be seen from the figures/statistics [b]We can see from the figures/statistics [b]It is clear from the figures/statistics [b]It is apparent from the figures/statistics [b]table/chart/diagram/graph figures (that) ... [b]table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how [b]...... 阅卷考官经常是不会看那些图表的，因此文章必须逻辑清晰，如果描述得能令人在脑海里勾画出那个data chart，这篇task1无疑会达到8分的水平。开篇的第一句话可以是一句高度概括性的introduction（当然开门见山直接描述也是一种写法）；这样做不仅使文章更趋于完美，而且可以达到凑字数的目的（但不要照抄题目，除非时间相当紧迫）。接下来另起一段开始进行描述（根据实际情况1-2段），这当中经常要连续使用非限定性定于从句，从而使得描述过程流畅、清晰。最后也可再另起一段进行简短的综述（并非必须）。上述的任何一个步骤都要遵循依据现有data进行客观描述的原则，任何推测性或议论性的内容写得再多、再精彩不仅不会加分，而且还会成为扣分的因素。 [b][b]二、data的具体表达法[/b] data在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in time [b]在一系列的时间段中转变：changes over time [b]持续变化的data在不同情况下: [b]增加：increase / raise / rise / go up ... [b]减少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall ... [b]波动：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave ... [b]稳定：remain stable / stabilize / level off ... 最常用的两种表达法： [b]动词 + 副词形式（Verb+Adverb form） [b]形容词 + 名词形式（Adjective+Noun form） [b]　　 [b]1. Verb+Adverb form [b]The number of XXX [b]+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuate... [b]+insignificantly/significantly/slightly/suddenly/rapidly/dramatically/sharply/steeply/steadily/gradually/slowly... [b]+from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间) 2. Adjective+Noun form [b]There was a (very) sudden/rapid/dramatic/significant/sharp/steep/steady/gradual/slow/slight [b]+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuation （注意：上述很多词不可用于修饰fluctuation） [b]+in the number of XXX from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间) [b]描述稳定的data： [b]The number of XXX remained steady/stable from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间) [b]The number of XXX stayed the same from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间) [b]There was little change / hardly any change / no change in the number of XXX from from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间) 描述不同状态的data [b]Noun form: [b]steady drop / sharp rise peak / dramatic fall / sharp drop [b]Verbal form: [b](to) bottom out / (to) reach the bottom / (to) increase gradually / (to) reach a plateau / (to) remain steady 描述the highest point以及the lowest point [b]高点极值： [b]The monthly profit / The figures / The situation ... [b]+peaked in (月份/年) at XXX% / XXX(极点data) [b]或者reached a peak / a high point at XXX% / XXX(极点data) [b]低点极值： [b]XXX bottomed out / reached [b]+rock / the bottom / a low point [b]或者hit a trough 此外，在描述过程中还有很多的conjunctional words/sentences，最常用的固定搭配如下： [b]并列： as well as(句首/中), also, as well(句尾), either, neither, too, moreover, furthermore, in addition, additionally, besides, what's more, apart from ... [b]举例： for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, in particular, particularly, especially [b]事实： as a matter of fact, in fact, actually, as long as, so long as ... [b]雷同/近似：similarly, likewise(句首/尾), at the same time, equally ... [b]转折： however, whereas, nevertheless, nonetheless, though, although, even though, while, yet, on the contrary, contrarily, in contrast, conversely, on the other hand, unlikely, in stead (of), in spite of, despite of ... 原因与结果 [b]1. cause-suggestion (几乎不常用) [b]since / now that ...; I hope that... [b]because of/on account of/owing to/thanks to + (doing) sth, I hope that... [b]2. cause-effect (较常用) [b]XXX lead to / bring about / result in/ account for ... [b](一个句子), therefore / thus / hence / as a result / consequently / (and) so ... [b]3. effect-cause (较常用) [b]XXX be caused by / result from / be the result of / be the effect of / be the consequence of ... [b](一个句子), because ... [b]it is adj. that ... [b]it is unimaginable that ... [b]it is undeniable that ... [b]it is interesting to discover that ... [b]三、其它相关常用词（组）[/b] 1. 主章开头 [b]图表类型：table; chart; diagram; graph; column chart; pie graph [b]描述：show; describe; illustrate; can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal; represent [b]内容：figure; statistic; number; percentage; proportion [b]2. 表示数据 [b]一般：have 10%; at 10%; over 10% [b]最高（低）点：peaked; reached a peak / high point [b]bottomed out; reached the bottom [b]变化：recover 略有回升； increase; jump; rise/rose; climb [b]decrease; fall/fell; drop; decline; reduce [b]fluctuate 浮动，摇摆不定 [b]remained steady/stable; stay the same; little/hardly any /no change [b]变化程度：sudden/suddenly 突然的，意外的 [b]rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的 [b]dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的，生动的 [b]significant/significantly 有意义的，重大的，重要的 [b]sharp/sharply 锐利的，明显的，急剧的 [b]steep/steeply 急剧升降的 [b]steady/steadily 稳固的，坚定不移的 [b]gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的 [b]slow/slowly 缓慢的，不活跃的 [b]slight/slightly轻微的、略微地 [b]stable/stably 稳定的 [b]表示范围：from XXX to XXX; between XXX and XXX; for XXX to XXX多长时间直到 [b]表示程度：almost adv. 几乎，差不多 [b]nearly adv. 几乎，密切地 [b]approximately adv. 近似的，大约 [b]about adv. 附近， 大约，转向，左右，周围 [b]just over 刚超过 [b]over adv. 结束，越过，从头到尾 [b]exactly adv. 正确地，严密地 [b]precisely adv. 正好 精确地；清晰地 [b]比例：20 per cent 20% [b]one in three 1/3 [b]one out of every four 1/4 [b]3. 其它在描述中的常用到的词 [b]significant changes 图中一些较大变化 [b]noticeable trend 明显趋势 [b]during the same period 在同一时期 [b]grow/grew 增长 [b]distribute 分布，区别 [b]unequally 不相等地 [b]pronounced 明显的 [b]average 平均 [b]no doubt 无疑地 [b]corresponding adj. 相应的，通讯的 [b]represent vt. 阐述，表现 [b]overall 总体上讲 [b]except 除外 [b]in the case of adv. 在...的情况下 [b]in terms of / in respect of / regarding 在...方面 [b]in contrast 相反，大不相同 [b]in conclusion adv. 最后，总之 [b]in comparison 相比之下 [b]inversely adv. 相反地，倒转地 [b]in general 通常，大体上，一般而言 [b]range from [b]excessive adj. 过多的，过分的，额外 [b]lower v.降低，跌落 [b]elapse vi.（时间）过去，消逝 [b]category n.种类 [b]government policy 政府政策 [b]market forces 市场规率 [b]measure n. 尺寸，方法，措施 v.估量，调节 [b]forecast n. 先见，预见 v. 预测