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| 阅读词对—中英文注释 |
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adjust-- To change so as to match or fit; cause to correspond修改
=alter To adjust (a garment) for a better fit修改
djoining-- Neighboring; contiguous接临的=neighboring
adaptation-- Something, such as a device or mechanism, that is changed
or changes so as to become suitable to a new or special application or
situation改装=modification
acute--- Extremely sharp or severe; intense强烈的=intense
Keenly perceptive or discerning; penetrating聪明的=sharp
accustomed-- Being in the habit of习惯的=used to
accumulate-- To gather or pile up; amass收集，堆集；积累=collect
accompany--- To be or go with as a companion陪伴=travel with
accompaniment--- Something, such as a situation, that accompanies
something else; a concomitant伴随状况伴随发生的事物=attendant An
accompanying thing or circumstance; a concomitant伴随物伴随的事物或情况
；伴随物
accommodate-- To provide for; supply with提供住处；供应=lodge To provide
with temporary quarters, especially for sleeping提供住处
acclaimed--- To be praised enthusiastically and often publicly;
applauded喝彩地,赞赏地=praised
accelerate-- To cause to develop or progress more quickly使加快
=increased
abundance--- Fullness to overflowing丰富=profusion The state of being
profuse; abundance丰富
absurd-- Ridiculously incongruous or unreasonable荒诞的，荒唐的
=preposterous Contrary to nature, reason, or common sense; absurd荒谬的
abandon--- To give up by leaving or ceasing to operate or inhabit,
especially as a result of danger or other impending threat离弃=give up
awareness--- Having knowledge or cognizance意识到的或认识到的
=realization
available--- Present and ready for use; at hand; accessible可用的现实可
用的；手边的；可获得的=accessible
attribute--- A quality or characteristic inherent in or ascribed to
someone or something品质、属性=characteristic, trait
attire-- Clothing or array; apparel服装、盛装；服饰=clothing
attach-- To fasten, secure, or join系，贴或连接=fasten, stick to
assortment-- A collection of various kinds; a variety多种多样=variety
astonishing -- Filling with sudden wonder or amazement惊奇的,奇怪的
=startling
astounding—To be astonishing and bewildering震惊极为惊讶和迷惑不解
=surprising
assemble--- To bring or call together into a group or whole召集集合
=gathering
ascend-- To slope upward爬坡倾斜而上=climb of
ascribe to----assume to be true
arduous--- Demanding great effort or labor; difficult困难的=difficult,
Testing severely the powers of endurance; strenuous艰苦的=strenuous
Requiring great effort, energy, or exertion艰巨的
arid--- Lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to
support trees or woody plants干旱的缺乏水分=dry
aptly--- Exactly suitable; appropriately合适的=appropriately
approach--- To come near or nearer, as in space or time接近靠近=near
appeal-- The power of attracting or of arousing interest吸引力
=attraction
apart from-- With the exception of; besides除…外；除…外还=except for
anonymous--- Having an unknown or unacknowledged name匿名的=unknown
annually--- Recurring, done, or performed every year; yearly每年的
=yearly
annihilate-- To defeat decisively; vanquish战胜=conquer To defeat or
subdue by force, especially by force of arms征服
alloy--- To combine; mix融合；混合=blend, mix
altitude--- The height of a thing above a reference level, especially
above sea level or above the earth's surface高度=elevation
affluent--- Generously supplied with money, property, or possessions;
prosperous or rich富裕的=wealthy
afflict--- To inflict grievous physical or mental suffering on折磨
=problem
affect-- To have or show a liking for喜欢=fondness
aesthetically--- Artistically有艺术的，在艺术上的=artistically
adverse--- Acting or serving to oppose; antagonistic敌对的=oppose, ill
adversely--- harmfully or unfavorable有害的或不利的=negatively Marked
by or exhibiting features, such as hostility, that cannot be deemed
positive or constructive反面的
advocate--- One that argues for a cause; a supporter or defender支持者或
保护者=proponent To speak, plead, or argue in favor of拥护演说=urge,
preach
adorn--- To lend beauty to; decorate使美观为…增添美；装饰=decorate
adopt--- To take on or assume采取采用或接受=take on
brilliance-- The state or quality of being brilliant光辉=radiant
boundary--- Something that indicates a border or limit边界=dividing line
breach-- A violation or infraction, as of a law, a legal obligation,
or a promise破坏，违犯=violation
boost--- To increase; raise增加；拔高;To raise or lift by pushing up
from behind or below推、举=raise
blend--- To combine (varieties or grades) to obtain a mixture of a
particular character, quality, or consistency把…掺在一起混合=combine,
mix
bizarre--- Strikingly unconventional and far-fetched in style or
appearance; odd古怪的=odd
bias--- A preference or an inclination, especially one that inhibits
impartial judgment偏见=prejudice
beam--- A ray or shaft of light光柱，光束=ray
be characterized by---distinguish
barren-- Lacking vegetation, especially useful vegetation不毛的
=infertile
balmy--- Mild and pleasant温和的=mild
comprise--- To consist of; be composed of由…构成=consist of ,make up
conception-- Something conceived in the mind; a concept, plan, design,
idea, or thought概念、计划、设计或思想=notion A mental image or
representation; an idea or conception心理形象或象征；想法或构思
composed of --To create or produce (a literary or musical piece)创作或制
作=create
component--- A constituent element, as of a system组成要素=element, part
comparable-- Similar or equivalent相似或相当=similar
compile--- To put together or compose from materials gathered from
several sources汇编=put together
community--- Society as a whole; the public作为整体的社会；大众。A group
of plants and animals living and interacting with one another in a
specific region under relatively similar environmental conditions共生动
物群的一群植物和动物=settlement, society
commodity--- Something useful that can be turned to commercial or
other advantage商品=goods
coincide--- To happen at the same time or during the same period同时发生
=occur at the same time
cohesion--- The act, process, or condition of cohering结合=unity The
combination or arrangement of parts into a whole; unification统一
cluster--- To gather or grow into bunches丛生=concentrate
classify--- To arrange or organize according to class or category分类
=categorize
cling to --- v.依附, 依靠, 坚持=stick to
cite --- To mention or bring forward as support, illustration, or proof
引证把…作为支持、说明或证明而提及或提出=mention
check ---monitor To check the quality or content of (an electronic audio
or visual signal) by means of a receiver监听，收听；To check by means
of an electronic receiver for significant content, such as military,
political, or illegal activity窃听
celestial--- Of or relating to the sky or the heavens天空的=astronomical
cease--- To put an end to; discontinue使…停止；中止=stop
capability-- The quality of being capable; ability能力=ability
cumbersome --- Troublesome or onerous麻烦的=burdensome
crisscross--- To move back and forth through or over交叉移动move back
and forth
crawl--- To move slowly on the hands and knees or by dragging the body
along the ground; creep爬行=creep
counterpart-- A copy or duplicate of a legal paper复制品=version An
adaptation of a work of art or literature into another medium or style版
本
counteract--- To oppose and mitigate the effects of by contrary action;
check抵制，抵消=negate
core --- The basic or most important part; the essence核心，本质=center
conventional--- Conforming to established practice or accepted
standards; traditional传统的=traditional
contribute to --- v.捐献=donate To present as a gift to a fund or cause;
contribute捐赠
consumption---The act or process of consuming消耗=eating
constrain--To keep within close bounds; confine限制=bound To set a limit
to; confine限制
constitute---To found (an institution, for example)创建=make up
constituent---Serving as part of a whole; component组成的=component
constantly---Continually occurring; persistently持续的=continuously
conspicuous---Attracting attention, as by being unusual or remarkable;
noticeable值得注意的=noticeable
consort with ---v.陪伴=associate To keep company陪伴
conserve---To protect from loss or harm; preserve保存,保护=retain vt. 留
住；保住
consequence---Something that logically or naturally follows from an
action or condition结果=result
conjecture---A statement, an opinion, or a conclusion based on
guesswork猜想=based on guessing
congestion---To be overfilled or overcrowded堵塞=overcrowded, crowded
conflicting---To be opposing; different对立的，不同的=opposing, contrary
confront---To come face to face with, especially with defiance or
hostility面对与…面对面的 =face To confront with complete awareness面对
confine to ---To keep within bounds; restrict限制=limit, cramp Restrict;
narrow受限制
confederacy---A union of persons, parties, or states; a league联盟=ally
One that is allied with another, especially by treaty同盟者
conceal---To keep from being seen, found, observed, or discovered; hide
隐藏=hide
dramatically---Arresting or forceful in appearance or effect引人注目的
=striking
durable---Lasting; stable持久的；稳定的=lasting
domains---[计] 域=fields
domestic---Tame or domesticated. Used of animals驯养的=tame
dominate---To enjoy a commanding, controlling position in占支配地位=be
prevalent in
divergence---Difference, as of opinion意见分歧difference
diverse---Made up of distinct characteristics, qualities, or elements多
种多样的=various
dogma---An authoritative principle, belief, or statement of ideas or
opinion, especially one considered to be absolutely true信条=belief
distinction---The condition or fact of being dissimilar or distinct;
difference差别=difference
distinct---Readily distinguishable from all others; discrete有区别的，不
同的=different, separate, definite
dispute---To argue about; debate就…进行争论=argument, disagreement
disseminate---To spread abroad; promulgate散布=spread, distribute
disposal---The act or process of getting rid of something除掉=get rid of
discrete---Constituting a separate thing; distinct分离的=separate
Existing as an independent entity单独的
discard---To throw away; reject丢弃，抛弃=get rid of
diffuse---To become widely dispersed; spread out散布=travel To be
transmitted, as light or sound; move or pass传送
differentiate---To constitute the distinction between区分=distinguish To
perceive as being different or distinct区分
dictate---To prescribe with authority; impose命令；To issue orders or
commands命令=determine To reach a decision; resolve解决，决定,=prescribe
To set down as a rule or guide; enjoin指定，规定
devastate---To lay waste; destroy变成废墟，荒芜；破坏=ruin
device---A contrivance or an invention serving a particular purpose,
especially a machine used to perform one or more relatively simple
tasks机器=instrument A device for recording, measuring, or controlling,
especially such a device functioning as part of a control system仪表
devoid of ---free of 无...的, 免于...的; 摆脱了...的
destruction---The act of destroying毁灭=demolition The act or process of
wrecking or destroying, especially destruction by explosives.摧毁破坏
detect---To discover or ascertain the existence, presence, or fact of查
明；发现=discover, sense To become aware of; perceive感觉意识到
detectable---Can be discovered or ascertained the existence, presence,
or fact 可查明；可发现apparent, measurable，sizable
derive---To obtain or receive from a source得到=obtain,
To issue from a source; originate起源于=stem from
depression---An area that is sunk below its surroundings; a hollow下陷处
=low
depressed—-Low in spirits; dejected情绪低落的；沮丧的=saddened
deposit---To put or set down; place放置=place, lay
deplete---To decrease the fullness of; use up or empty out消灭，用完或用
光=exhaust, run out
dense---Hard to penetrate; thick浓厚的=thick, heavy
delicate---Marked by sensitivity of discrimination敏锐的=sensitive
Easily broken or damaged脆弱的=fragile
delicate---Considerate of the feelings of others体贴的=careful,
intentionally
deft---Quick and skillful; adroit灵巧的=skilled
extract---To remove for separate consideration or publication; excerpt摘
录=remove
extend----To stretch or spread (something) out to greater or fullest
length延伸=increase, stretch, outspread
extensive----Large in extent, range, or amount广大的=wide, far from
reaching
exponential---Containing, involving, or expressed as an exponent指数的
=rapid, increase
exert---To bring to bear; exercise对…施加=apply To put into action使用
，运用,=cause
exhibition---The act or an instance of exhibiting展览=display
exorbitant---Exceeding all bounds, as of custom or fairness过高的，昂贵
的=expensive
expand---To increase the size, volume, quantity, or scope of; enlarge扩
大=increase
excessive---Exceeding a normal, usual, reasonable, or proper limit过量的
=extreme Extending far beyond the norm过分的
exclusion---The condition or fact of being excluded.排除或被排除的状态
keep out of 躲开；置身于…之外
execution---制作=create
exalted---Lofty; sublime; noble高的，崇高的；高贵的=superior Of great
value or excellence; extraordinary价值巨大或品质优越的；突出的
exceed---To be greater than; surpass比…更好；超过=surpass
excel---To show superiority; surpass others胜过=be superior
exceptional---Well above average; extraordinary杰出的=extraordinary
exceptionally---Deviating widely from a norm, as of physical or mental
ability特殊的=abnormally,
Being an exception; uncommon例外的=extremely
evident---Easily seen or understood; obvious显然的=apparent Readily
understood; clear or obvious显然的
evolve---To undergo gradual change; develop发展=develop
erode---To wear (something) away by or as if by abrasion腐蚀，侵蚀
=wear away
equivalent---Equal, as in value, force, or meaning相等的=interchangeable
That can be interchanged可以相互交换的
entity---Something that exists as a particular and discrete unit实体
=object Something perceptible by one or more of the senses, especially
by vision or touch; a material thing物体
enormous---Very great in size, extent, number, or degree巨大的
=tremendous, huge
emit---To give or send out matter or energy发射=give off 发出，放出(蒸
汽、气味等)
employ---To put to use or service投入使用=use
enactment---To act (something) out, as on a stage扮演=performance, pass
emerge---To come into existence发生使出现=appear, spring up
embed---To cause to be an integral part of a surrounding whole包埋
=encase To enclose in or as if in a case把…装箱
elaborate---To become elaborate变得复杂=complicate To make or become
complex or perplexing使复杂或令人困惑
elaborately---Planned or executed with painstaking attention to numerous
parts or details精心制作的=done in great detail
fuse---To mix (constituent elements) together by or as if by melting;
blend.熔合=combine
furnish---To supply; give供应；提供=provide
fragment---A small part broken off or detached.碎片=piece A portion or
part that has been separated from a whole
forbid---To command against the doing or use of (something); prohibit严
禁=ban
forage---To wander in search of food or provisions搜索粮食=feed To
give food to; supply with nourishment给予食物
float---To move from place to place, especially at random漂移=drift
along
fertile---Rich in material needed to sustain plant growth肥沃的=rich
Abounding, especially in natural resources肥沃的；丰富的
faction---A group of persons forming a cohesive, usually contentious
minority within a larger group小集团=side One of two or more opposing
individuals, groups, teams, or sets of opinions派
graze---To feed on (herbage) in a field or on pastureland放牧=feed
gorgeous---Dazzlingly beautiful or magnificent耀眼的；美丽的；眩目艳丽的
=magnificent, beautiful
global---Of, relating to, or involving the entire earth; worldwide全球的
=worldwide
give way to ---让路,让步=be replaced by ,=turn into
genetic---Affecting or affected by genes影响基因的或被基因影响的
=heredity The genetic transmission of characteristics from parent to
offspring遣传
gap---An opening in a solid structure or surface; a cleft or breach豁口
=opening A breach or an aperture缺口
house---A structure serving as a dwelling for one or more persons,
especially for a family房屋=dwelling,
To contain; harbor收容；隐藏 =contain To have within; hold包含；容纳
homogeneous---Uniform in structure or composition throughout同质的
=uniform Unvaried in texture, color, or design均质的
herald---To proclaim; announce公布；宣布=announce
heritage---Something that is passed down from preceding generations; a
tradition遗留物，传统=tradition
harshness---Being extremely severe or exacting; stern严厉=acid Biting,
sarcastic, or scornful尖刻的
harness---To bring under control and direct the force of统治，管理，支配
=utilize To put to use, especially to find a profitable or practical use
for利用
hail---To greet or acclaim enthusiastically喝彩=acclaim
integrate---To make into a whole by bringing all parts together; unify使
结合=unify
integral---Essential or necessary for completeness; constituent必须的；
应有的=essential Basic or indispensable; necessary基本的，必须的
institution-- An established organization or foundation, especially
one dedicated to education, public service, or culture机构=establishment
A public or private institution, such as a hospital or school私人或公共
机构
insight---The capacity to discern the true nature of a situation;
penetration洞察力=understanding The faculty by which one understands;
intelligence理解力
inspire---To affect, guide, or arouse by divine influence使受神灵的；感
召的=fire the imagination of
ingredient---An element in a mixture or compound; a constituent成份
=component A constituent element, as of a system成分系统的组成要素
inhabit--- To live or reside in居住=occupy To dwell or reside in居住
inhabitant---One that inhabits a place, especially as a permanent
resident居民=resident
inhibit---To hold back; restrain抑制；限制=hinder To interfere with
action or progress阻碍,= curb To check, restrain, or control as if
with a curb; rein in抑制
innumerable---Too numerous to be counted; numberless无数的=countless
influx---A mass arrival or incoming汇集=arrival
inevitably---Impossible to avoid or prevent必然的，不能规避或避免的
=unavoidably
inclination---A characteristic disposition to do, prefer, or favor one
thing rather than another; a propensity爱好去做=preference The state of
being preferred偏爱
inadequate---Not adequate to fulfill a need or meet a requirement;
insufficient不足的=deficient, insufficient
impose---To apply or make prevail by or as if by authority强制实行
=demand To ask for urgently or peremptorily要求迫切或专横要求
implement---A tool or an instrument used in doing work工具=tool
immunity---The quality or condition of being immune免除，免疫=protection
illustrate---To provide (a publication) with explanatory or decorative
features图解=picture To make a visible representation of 展示
identify---To ascertain the origin, nature, or definitive
characteristics of确认=spot To detect or discern, especially visually;
spy辩认
jolt—-To disturb suddenly and severely; stun震惊=shock Something
that jars the mind or emotions as if with a violent, unexpected blow.震
惊
myth---A fictitious story, person, or thing传说=legend An unverified
story handed down from earlier times, especially one popularly
believed to be historical传说
noxious---Harmful to living things; injurious to health有害的=harmful
narrate---To give an account or a description叙述或描绘=recount To
narrate the facts or particulars of详细叙述
over taxed---税收过高的=heavily burdened 负担沉重的
outbreak---A sudden increase突然发生=beginning The act or process of
bringing or being brought into being; a start开端
originate---To come into being; start出现；开始=initial, genesis,
pioneer
To bring into being; create创造 =invent,
puncture--- To pierce with a pointed object刺用带尖的物体穿透=pierce
quaint--- Odd, especially in an old-fashioned way离奇的=odd, bizarre
Strikingly unconventional and far-fetched in style or appearance; odd古
怪的
protrude--- To jut out; project突出；伸出=project To extend forward or
out; jut out突出
prospect--- Something expected; a possibility期待被期望的某物；可能性
=possibility
prosperity--- The condition of being prosperous繁荣=wealth The state of
being rich; affluence富裕
proponent--- One who argues in support of something; an advocate倡导者
=supporter
property--- A characteristic trait or peculiarity, especially one
serving to define or describe its possessor特性=characteristic,
A piece of real estate地产;不动产=estate
proper--- Characterized by appropriateness or suitability; fitting恰当的
=suitable, correctly
promising--- Likely to develop in a desirable manner有前途的;有希望的
=likely Apt to achieve success or yield a desired outcome; promising有
希望的
prominent--- Widely known; eminent著名的=distinguished Characterized
by excellence or distinction; eminent卓越的
proliferation--- To grow or multiply by rapidly producing new tissue,
parts, cells, or offspring增生，增殖=multiply To breed or propagate繁殖
或增殖
prevail--- To be in force, use, or effect; be current正在用的，有影响的
；现行的=dominate
prevailing--- Most frequent or common; predominant普遍的；有优势的
=most frequent
primal--- Of first importance; primary最重要的；主要的=key, principal
First, highest, or foremost in importance, rank, worth, or degree;
chief重要的，首要的
primarily--- Of first importance; primary最重要的；主要的=mainly For
the most part; chiefly.大部分地；主要地
prehistoric-- Of, relating to, or belonging to the era before recorded
history史前的=ancient
preservative-- Something used to preserve, especially a chemical added
to foods to inhibit spoilage防腐剂=maintain To keep in an existing
state; preserve or retain保持
preside over---管理, 主管=manage
prestige--- A person's high standing among others; honor or esteem威望；
尊重或敬佩=honor
predecessor--- One who precedes another in time, especially in holding
an office or a position.前任；An ancestor; a forebear祖先；祖宗
=forerunner One that precedes, as in time; a predecessor前任；An
ancestor; a forebear祖先；祖宗
predominantly--- Most common or conspicuous; main or prevalent最主要的；
最普通的=primarily
precede--- To come, exist, or occur before in time.先于…=prior to ,
before
portion--- A section or quantity within a larger thing; a part of a
whole部分=part
possess--- To have as property; own持有；拥有To have as a quality,
characteristic, or other attribute具有品质、特点=have
potential--- Having possibility, capability, or power有可能性的=possible
pertinent--- Having logical, precise relevance to the matter at hand有关
系的=relevant
pit--- A natural or artificial hole or cavity in the ground坑=hole
perception--- The capacity for such insight洞察能力=insightful
Showing or having insight; perceptive有洞察力的；有悟性的
penetrate--- To enter or force a way into; pierce.穿过，刺入=go through
patron--- A customer, especially a regular customer顾客=customer
particle--- A very small piece or part; a tiny portion or speck一小份儿
或一小点儿=speck A small spot, mark, or discoloration小斑点，小污点或小
瑕疵
pants 裤子---trousers 裤子
rupture--- The process of breaking open or bursting裂开，突然炸开
=burst
rural--- Of, relating to, or characteristic of the country农村的=country
rudimentary---Being in the earliest stages of development; incipient处于
发展的最早阶段的=undeveloped, unsophisticated
rotate---To turn around on an axis or center绕轴或中心转动=turn, swirl
To proceed in sequence; take turns or alternate循环，交替或轮换
=alternate
robust--- Full of health and strength; vigorous健康和有力的=strong
roam--- To move about without purpose or plan; wander漫游=wander
rigidity--- An instance of being rigid僵化，严厉=stiffness
revise--- To reconsider and change or modify修改，修正=change
retrieve--- To get back; regain.重获；收复；=recover, To get back;
regain.重获；收复；重新得到=bring back
To rectify the unfavorable consequences of; remedy. See:
recover
restrict--- To keep or confine within limits限制=limit
retain--- To maintain possession of保持=keep
representation--- The state or condition of serving as an official
delegate, agent, or spokesperson代表=delegate, stand for
resemble--- To exhibit similarity or likeness to类似=similar
renounce--- To reject; disown拒绝=reject To refuse to accept, submit
to, believe, or make use of拒绝
replace-- To take or fill the place of取代=supplant To displace and
substitute for (another)取代，代替（另一个）
release--- To free from something that binds, fastens, or holds back;
let go松开=give off
refreshing--- Pleasantly fresh and different新鲜宜人的，与众不同的
=unusual
reflection--- A manifestation or result显示，结果=indicate To suggest
or demonstrate the necessity, expedience, or advisability of说明，显示，
暗示
receptacle--- A container that holds items or matter贮藏器=container
recognize--- To show awareness of; approve of or appreciate赏识
=appreciate
rarefy--- To make thin, less compact, or less dense使稀薄=infrequent
rear--- To lift upright; raise直立起；抬高=raise
radical--- Departing markedly from the usual or customary; extreme极端的
=drastic Severe or radical in nature; extreme严厉或剧烈的；极端的
symmetrical--- Of or exhibiting symmetry对称的=proportionally balanced
synthetic--- Produced by synthesis, especially not of natural origin.合
成的=formation, integrate
Not natural or genuine; artificial or contrived人造的，不自然的
=artificial
surging--- To increase suddenly. Used of electric current or voltage猛增
=accelerating
surpass--- To be or go beyond, as in degree or quality; exceed胜过
=exceed, outrun
sustain--- To keep in existence; maintain继续生存；维持=maintain
sustenance--- Something, especially food, that sustains life or health营
养物，尤指食物=fare Food and drink; diet食物和饮料
Means of livelihood生计=livelihood
supplement---Something added to complete a thing, make up for a
deficiency, or extend or strengthen the whole补充物，用来完成某事、补充
不足、扩展或加强=extension An addition that increases the area,
influence, operation, or contents of something扩大
supreme---Greatest in importance, degree, significance, character, or
achievement最重要的=outstanding
succinct---Characterized by clear, precise expression in few words;
concise and terse简明的=concise
sufficient---Being as much as is needed充足的=adequate
sumptuous---Of a size or splendor suggesting great expense; lavish豪华的
；花费奢侈的=luxurious
substantial--Considerable in importance, value, degree, amount, or
extent有重大价值的=considerable Worthy of consideration; significant重
要的
substitute---One that takes the place of another; a replacement代用品
=replacement, in place of 代替
subsidize---To assist or support with a subsidy以津贴补助=finance To
supply funds to给…提供资金
subtle--So slight as to be difficult to detect or analyze; elusive纤细的
，细小的=slight
submit---提出，提交=present 提出；呈递
subsidy---Monetary assistance granted by a government to a person or
group in support of an enterprise regarded as being in the public
interest补助金=financing 融通资金
subject to ---在...条件下; 易受...的侵袭; 受控制=expose to,
susceptible to
stretch---A continuous or unbroken length, area, or expanse连续不断的长
度，地区或空间=span The extent or measure of space between two
points or extremities, as of a bridge or roof; the breadth跨度两点或两端
间的空间
strike---To engage in a strike against an employer罢工=walkout
To come to; attain来到；到达= make contact with
striking--- Arresting the attention and producing a vivid impression
on the sight or the mind.惹人注目的=prominent Immediately noticeable;
conspicuous显眼的
stringent--- Imposing rigorous standards of performance; severe严格的
=strict
stimulus--- Something that incites or rouses to action; an incentive激发
物=motivate
strain ---To pull, draw, or stretch tight拉紧=tension The act or
process of stretching something tight拉紧
stationary--- Not capable of being moved; fixed不能被移动的；固定的
=fixed, immobile
status---Position relative to that of others; standing地位=standing
sticky--- Having the property of adhering or sticking to a surface;
adhesive粘的=adhere, cement
staple--- A basic or principal element or feature主要成分，基本成分
=basic element
squirt--- To issue forth in a thin forceful stream or jet; spurt喷=spurt
out v.喷出
staggering-- Causing great astonishment, amazement, or dismay;
overwhelming令人大为吃惊、惊讶或沮丧的；使束手无策的=overwhelming
spur--- To incite or stimulate刺激，鞭策=stimulate
speculate about--- To assume to be true without conclusive evidence推测
=hypothesize To assert as a hypothesis假设
spinal---Of, relating to, or situated near the spine or spinal cord;
vertebral脊柱的=backbone
spark--- To set in motion; activate发动；触发=bring about 引起; 致使;
造成; 达成
spawn--- To give rise to; engender造成；使产生=create
solemn--- Deeply earnest, serious, and sober庄严的，极认真的，严肃的
=serious
slope---declivity A downward slope, as of a hill斜坡
smother--- To suffocate (another)使窒息=eliminate To get rid of;
remove消灭；消除
snap--- To pull apart or break with a snapping sound折断=break
signify--- To denote; mean表示…的意思=denote
simultaneously---同时存在[发生]地=concurrently 同时发生的， 并存的； 合
作的
skepticism-- A doubting or questioning attitude or state of mind;
dubiety怀疑态度=doubt
shield--- To protect or defend with or as if with a shield; guard保护、
防卫=protect
secrete-- To conceal in a hiding place; cache躲藏=produce ？？
scarce--- Hard to find; absent or rare难得的；缺少的或罕见的=rare
scores--- A composition written for a musical comedy配乐=musical
compositions 音乐作品
scent--- A perfume香水=perfume
scale--- To climb up or over; ascend攀登=climb
sanitation--- Formulation and application of measures designed to
protect public health.
卫生措施=health
tremendous--- Extremely large in amount, extent, or degree; enormous巨大
的=huge, greatly
trend--- A general tendency or inclination趋向=tendency
trap--- A contrivance for catching and holding animals, as a concealed
pit or a clamp like device that springs shut suddenly陷阱=entomb To
place in or as if in a tomb or grave埋葬
trace--- A visible mark, such as a footprint, made or left by the
passage of a person, an animal, or a thing痕迹=imprint, residue The
remainder of something after removal of parts or a part残留物
textile--- A cloth, especially one manufactured by weaving or knitting;
a fabric纺织品=cloth, fabric
terrestrial--- Of, relating to, or composed of land陆地的=land
terrain--- An area of land; ground地区；地带=land
tedium--- The quality or condition of being tedious; tediousness or
boredom单调乏味=tiresome
temporarily--- Lasting, used, serving, or enjoyed for a limited time在有
限的时间内持续地、被使用、发挥作用=makeshift A temporary or expedient
substitute for something else.
权宜之计,暂时或临时替代其它事物的东西
usher--- To precede and introduce; inaugurate宣告，展示介绍；开始，开创
=begin
unrestricted--- adj.无限制的, 自由的=unlimited
unsubstantiated---未经证实的，未经证明的=unverified 未经证实的，未经核
对的
unravel--- To separate and clarify the elements of (something mysterious
or baffling); solve分散并澄清=discover
undoubtedly---确实，无疑地，必定=unquestionably 不成问题的; 无可非议的
; 无可指责的
undergo--- To pass through; experience经过；经历=experience
unadorned--- Without adornment or embellishment; simple or plain未加装饰
的；简单的，朴素的=plain
venerable--- Commanding respect by virtue of age, dignity, character, or
position值得敬重的，令人崇敬的=worship Ardent devotion; adoration.热烈
的崇拜；崇敬
variable--- Likely to change or vary; subject to variation; changeable易
变的=unstable
vivid--- Evoking lifelike images within the mind; heard, seen, or felt
as if real生动的=graphic Described in vivid detail生动细致地描写的
witness--- To take note of; observe作记录；观察=observe
yield--- To give forth by or as if by a natural process, especially by
cultivation生产=provide, produce
Supplements
adjunct—addition辅助－附加
coarse—rough 粗糙－粗糙
collectively—together共同的－一起
conclusive—definitive最后的，结论性的－最后的，确定性的
concomitant with—in conjunction with与…相一致－与…相一致
condone—mercy宽恕－宽恕
conflict—opposition冲突－相反
considerable—great（数量、程度）巨大的－巨大的
considerable—much大量的－大量的，坚实的
considerable—substantial 大量的－大量的，坚实的
consort—associate合伙人，伴侣－合伙人，伙伴
consult—counsel商量－商量
contemporary—existing 当代的－现存的
customary—usual习俗的－一般的
dampen—moisten使潮湿－使潮湿
daring—bold大胆的－大胆的
demand—order要求－命令
demonstrate—show 证明－显示
dirt—soil土壤－土壤
disaster—catastrophe灾祸－大灾祸
discreet—careful谨慎的－小心的
disseminate—spread/impart/inform传播－散布/传播/传播
distinct—different截然不同的－不同的
distinct—obvious明显的－明显的
distinct—separate分别的，截然不同的－分离的
distinction—difference区别－差别
draw—attract吸引－吸引
embrace—welcome（欣然）接受－欢迎
embrace—recipient接受者－接受者，收件人
enable—allow使能够－允许
end—goal目的－目的
entomb—trap埋葬－使陷于…之中
eradicate—eliminate根除－清除
execute—create（按计划和设计）做成，制成－创造
expedient—makeshift权宜之计－权宜之计
exponential leaps—rapid increases几何级数般的跳跃－快速增加
expose—uncover揭露－揭露
first rank—highest quality顶级的－最高档次的
fixture—commonplace object固定设备－常规物体
flatter—compliment奉承－赞美
frame—pose给…设框－使摆好姿势
fundamental—basic基本的－基本的
glow—shine发光－发光
hard—firm坚硬的－坚硬的
hemisphere—side半球－一侧
incise—carve切割－雕刻
ingot—a block of metal金属锭－一块金属
initially—at first最初－第一
instance—case案例－案例
instantaneous—immediate立杆见影的－立即的
intervention—influence干涉－影响
inviting—attractive吸引人的－吸引人的
lament—complain about令人对…感到遗憾－抱怨
lure—attract引诱－吸引
maneuver—trick策略，花招－诡计
margin—edge边缘－边缘
meticulous—careful谨小慎微的，过分注意细节的－小心的
milestone—significant development里程碑－重大的发展
minuscule—tiny微小的－微小的
minute—tiny微小的－微小的
monopolize—dominate垄断－支配
moreover—furthermore进一步说－进一步说
mundane—ordinary世俗的－平常的
myriad of—many无数的－许多的
nevertheless—however然而－然而
novel—innovative新颖的－创新的
outline—summarization概要－概述
outstanding—excellent出类拔萃的－很好的
peak—maximum顶峰－最大值
peculiar—distinctive独特的－独特的
pertinent—relevant相关的－相关的
phenomenon—event现象－事件
pick up—follow沿着－沿着
picture—imagine/describe想象，描写－想象/描写
ponder—meditate沉思－沉思
ponderous—heavy笨重的－沉重的
pore—hole孔－洞
position—location位置－位置
potential—possible潜在的－可能的
prefer—favor倾向，喜欢－喜欢
preoccupation—involvement全神贯注－全神贯注
preside over—manage掌管－掌管
prominent—prestigious卓越的－著名的
rapid—swift快速的－迅速的
rather—instead相反－相反
readily—easily容易地－容易地
realization—awareness认识到－认识到
reap—gain收获－获得
reckless—irresponsible不负责任的－不负责任的
relate—connect与…有关－与…有关
reliance—dependence依靠－依靠
remarkable—extraordinary非凡的－非凡的
roll back—reduce把…压到标准水平－降低，减少
roughly—approximately大约－大概
secure—acquire弄到，获得－获得
secure—safe安全的－安全的
set—establish设置－建立
settle—locate定居－坐落
shy away from—avoid躲避－躲避
since—because因为－因为
site—location地点－位置
skilled—expert熟练的－熟练的
skyrocket—increase rapidly快速上升－迅速增加
sole—only唯一的－唯一的
sort out—separate区分－分离
spot—identify发现－确定，鉴别
story—tale故事－故事
strategy—scam/trick诡计－诡计/诡计
strength—basis力量的源泉－基础
stress—emphasize强调－强调
stringent—strict严格的－严格的
struggle—competition挣扎－竞争
succinct—concise/terse简短的－简明的/简短的
supposed—seeming假定的－表面上的
supremacy—dominance至高无上－优势
suspend—hang悬挂－悬挂
tangle—twist/jumble纠缠－缠绕、使混乱
tempting—attractive吸引人的－吸引人的
thankful—grateful感谢－感激
uniform—integrate统一－整合
unique—particular独一无二的－独特的
vary—differ改变－与…不同
vast—large宽广的，巨大的－巨大的
vibrate—convulse震动－震动
vigilant—alert警惕的－警惕的
virtually—actually/practically/almost实质上（几乎）－实际上（几乎）/实
际上 ，（几乎）/几乎
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